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Hole's A&P II - Chapter 19 Potential Exam Questions

Terms in this set (49)

The vocal cords are in the

A. trachea.
B. pharynx.
C. larynx.
D. oral cavity.
larynx
As the respiratory tube branches become smaller in diameter,

A. the epithelial lining changes from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to cuboidal and simple squamous epithelium.
B. they have increased muscle fibers.
C. the epithelial lining changes to connective tissue.
D. they have increased cartilage.
the epithelial lining changes from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to cuboidal and simple squamous epithelium.
The inverse relationship between pressure and volume is known as

A. Newton's law.
B. Starlings's law.
C. Boyle's law.
D. Dalton's law.
Boyle's law.
The right lung has __________ lobes; the left lung has __________ lobes.

A. anterior, posterior, and lateral; superior and inferior
B. superior and inferior; superior, middle and inferior
C. superior, middle, and inferior; superior and inferior
D. superior, middle, and inferior; anterior and posterior
superior, middle, and inferior; superior and inferior
Indicate the events that occur with inspiration, in the correct order.

A. Diaphragm contracts; thoracic cavity recoils; intra-alveolar pressure increases; air flows into lungs
B. Diaphragm contracts; thoracic cavity expands; intra-alveolar pressure drops; air flows into lungs
C. Diaphragm relaxes; thoracic cavity recoils; intra-alveolar pressure drops; air flows into lungs
Diaphragm contracts; thoracic cavity expands; intra-alveolar pressure drops; air flows into lungs
The saturation of hemoglobin is __________% at the arterial PO2 of 95 mmHg, and is __________% at the venous PO2 of 40 mmHg.

A. 50; 25
B. 50; 95
C. 100; 75
100; 75
What is the definition of the term ventilation?

A. The use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide by body cells
B. The exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the blood
C. The exchange of gases between the blood and the body cells
D. The movement of air in and out of the lungs
The movement of air in and out of the lungs
Of the respiratory air volumes listed, which one has the largest volume?

A. Vital capacity
B. Expiratory reserve volume
C. Inspiratory reserve volume
D. Tidal volume
Vital capacity
Alveoli are kept clean by the action of

A. macrophages.
B. antibodies.
C. surfactant.
D. platelets.
macrophages.
What is chloride shift?

A. Movement of chloride into cerebrospinal fluid, allowing its interaction with peripheral chemoreceptors
B. Movement of chloride across the respiratory membranes, decreasing oxygen delivery to tissues
C. The type of reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase
D. An exchange that maintains the ionic balance between the red blood cells and the plasma
An exchange that maintains the ionic balance between the red blood cells and the plasma
Changes in the respiratory system that accompany aging include

A. overactive cilia, causing frequent coughing.
B. thickening of the alveolar walls.
C. thinning mucus.
D. slowed swallowing reflex.
slowed swallowing reflex.
Peripheral receptors stimulate the respiratory areas resulting in

A. decreased respiratory rate.
B. passive exhalation.
C. respiratory collapse.
D increased respiratory rate.
increased respiratory rate.
What are the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood traveling via systemic arteries to tissues?

A. PO2 = 95 mmHg and PCO2 = 75 mmHg
B. PCO2 = 104 mmHg and PO2 = 40 mmHg
C. PO2 = 95 mmHg and PCO2 = 40 mmHg
D. PO2 = 40 mmHg and PCO2 = 45 mmHg
PO2 = 95 mmHg and PCO2 = 40 mmHg
Where does gas exchange occur within the respiratory system?

A. At the alveoli
B. In the pharynx
C. In the larynx
D. In the bronchioles
At the alveoli
Carbon monoxide bonds to hemoglobin more effectively than does oxygen.
True
A mother and two young children are found passed out in their apartment, where a space heater is on. Emergency medical technicians suspect carbon monoxide poisoning, so they give the patients

A. highly concentrated oxygen and some carbon dioxide.
B. surfactant.
C. nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
D. blood transfusions.
highly concentrated oxygen and some carbon dioxide.
Indicate the equation used to calculate alveolar ventilation.

A. Alveolar ventilation = physiologic dead space x breathing rate
B. Alveolar ventilation = tidal volume x breathing rate
C. Alveolar ventilation = (tidal volume - physiologic dead space) x breathing rate
D. Alveolar ventilation = (vital capacity - physiologic dead space) x breathing rate
Alveolar ventilation = (tidal volume - physiologic dead space) x breathing rate
Where does gas exchange between inspired air and blood occur?

A. Alveoli
B. Primary bronchi
C. Terminal bronchioles
D. Trachea
Alveoli
Which of the following lists all of the events that occur with respiration?

A. Ventilation, external and internal respiration, and cellular respiration
B. Inhaling and exhaling
C. Inflating and deflating alveoli
D. Delivering carbon dioxide to cells and removing oxygen from cells
Ventilation, external and internal respiration, and cellular respiration
In October 2001 at the site of the World Trade Center in New York City, fires were still burning from the terrorist attacks that had brought down the buildings. The greatest danger to the respiratory system was

A. very small particles of debris.
B. very large particles of debris.
C. falling material from damaged buildings.
the odor.
very small particles of debris.
Calculate the minute ventilation for a patient with the following values. (Indicate only the numerical value of your answer. Assume units of mL/min.)
Tidal volume = 500 mL
Functional residual capacity = 2,000 mL
Total lung capacity = 5,500 mL
Respiratory rate = 15 breaths/minute
Physiological dead space = 150 mL
7,500
What is the anatomical name for the voice box?

A. Larynx
B. Oral cavity
C. Pharynx
D. Trachea
Larynx
Police stop a very drunk Richard for driving erratically at 3 AM and give him a breathalyzer test, which he fails miserably. Why does he fail so badly?

A. The thickness of his respiratory membranes prevent alcohol from evaporating out of his blood.
B. His alveoli are in excellent condition.
C. Excess surfactant has been secreted in response to alcohol.
D. The thinness of his respiratory membranes allows volatile alcohol molecules to enter the alveoli and become detectable by the machine.
The thinness of his respiratory membranes allows volatile alcohol molecules to enter the alveoli and become detectable by the machine.
Baby Timothy suffers from apnea and is hooked up to a monitor to warn his parents when he stops breathing. Timothy's dad snores very loudly. Timothy's condition differs from his father's in that infant apnea is

A. a result of decreased surfactant.
B. treated by strapping a device onto the nose at night.
C. a central problem of respiratory control.
D. due to airway obstruction.
a central problem of respiratory control.
Which of these laryngeal cartilages is unpaired?

A. Cuneiform
B. Arytenoid
C. Cricoid
D. Corniculate
Cricoid
Where is the ventral respiratory group located?

A. In the pons in the brain
B. In the lungs
C. In the medulla oblongata in the brain
D. In the midbrain in the brain
In the medulla oblongata in the brain
The inferior pair of vocal folds inside the larynx are called the __________ vocal cords.

A. true
B. false
true
What is the cause of surface tension?

A. The fluid located between the pleural membranes
B. The attraction between water molecules
C. The stretchiness of the lung tissue
D. The collapse of alveoli
The attraction between water molecules
Which of the following has an effect on the pH of blood?

A. Oxygen
B. Phosphate
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
What cell type within an alveolus is part of the respiratory membrane?

A. Surfactant
B. Type I cell
C. Macrophage
D. Type II cell
Type I cell
While at the store, 4-year-old Bobby, in a fit of temper, started to hold his breath in an attempt to force his mom to buy him a new toy. His mother knew to not get too worried about her son's behavior. He would only be able to hold his breath for a limited amount of time, not enough to do him any harm.

1. As Bobby held his breath, what changes in his blood gas values would be occurring?

Increase in PO2; increase in PCO2
Increase in PO2; decrease in PCO2
Decrease in PO2; decrease in PCO2
Decrease in PO2; increase in PCO2

2. Which of these changes in blood gases will be the first to stimulate Bobby's respiratory system to start breathing again?

The change in PCO2
The change in PO2
1. Decrease in PO2; increase in PCO2
2. The change in PCO2
Air entering the potential space of the pleural cavity is called

A. pneumothorax.
B. pneumonia.
C. internal respiration.
D. pulmonary ventilation.
pneumothorax.
What nonrespiratory air movement is due to a spastic contraction of the diaphragm while the glottis is closed?

A. Sneeze
B. Cough
C. Hiccup
D. Yawn
Hiccup
Which of the following factors does not directly affect breathing rate?

A. Degree of lung tissue stretch
B. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in body fluids
C. Partial pressure of oxygen in body fluids
D. Size of residual volume
Size of residual volume
The partial pressure of oxygen that stimulates the respiratory areas is __________ of normal.

A. 50%
B. 33%
C. 80%
D. 67%
50%
The intensity (volume) of a vocal sound is a result of the

A. size of the laryngeal cartilage.
B. shape of the laryngeal cartilage.
C. force of air passing over the vocal cords.
D. tension on the vocal cords.
force of air passing over the vocal cords.
Exposure to secondhand smoke can cause or increase risk of

pneumonia and tuberculosis.
high altitude sickness and sleep apnea.
heart disease, lung cancer, and low birth weight.
sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, and vasculitis
heart disease, lung cancer, and low birth weight.
Which of the following has an effect on the pH of blood?

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Phosphate
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
The left lung is larger than the right lung and is divided into three lobes.
False
Oxygen plays a minor role in control of normal respiration because

oxygenated blood is < 95% saturated.
deoxygenated venous blood is < 5% saturated.
oxygenated blood is more sensitive to CO2.
deoxygenated venous blood is 75% saturated.
deoxygenated venous blood is 75% saturated.
The pharynx functions as a __________, whereas the larynx functions as a __________.

common passage for air and food; passageway for food only
passageway for air only; passageway for air and food
passageway for food only, passageway for air and food
common passageway for air and food; passageway for air only
common passageway for air and food; passageway for air only
What is globin?

The protein part of hemoglobin
A form of fat that carries oxygen in the blood
A form of surfactant
Another term for alveolus
The protein part of hemoglobin
When carbon dioxide combines with water, the compound __________ is formed.

carboaminohemoglobin
carbonic acid
carbonic anhydrase
oxyhemoglobin
carbonic acid
The enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes what reaction?

Carbon dioxide reaction with bicarbonate ions
Carbon dioxide reaction with water
Water reaction with bicarbonate ions
Water reaction with hydrogen ions
Carbon dioxide reaction with water
Name the respiratory volume that is defined as the amount of air that moves in, then out, during a single respiratory cycle.

Residual volume
Tidal volume
Total lung capacity
Vital capacity
Tidal volume
Max works out about an hour every day using aerobic machines at a gym. During his moderate physical exercise, blood concentrations of

oxygen and carbon dioxide increase.
oxygen increase and carbon dioxide decrease.
oxygen decrease and carbon dioxide increase.
oxygen and carbon dioxide remain nearly unchanged.
oxygen and carbon dioxide remain nearly unchanged.
What nonrespiratory air movement helps to clear the upper respiratory passageways?

Laughing
Sneezing
Coughing
Yawning
Sneezing
Of the respiratory air volumes listed, which one has the largest volume?

Inspiratory reserve volume
Tidal volume
Vital capacity
Expiratory reserve volume
Vital capacity
What effect will hyperventilation have on the blood carbon dioxide level?

Hyperventilation will have no effect on blood CO2 level.
Blood CO2 level will increase.
Blood CO2 level will decrease.
Blood CO2 level will decrease.
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