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all about traumatic brain injuries!

all about traumatic brain injuries!

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Terms in this set (16)
What is a traumatic brain injury?
A TBI is described as a "disruption in the normal function of the brain."
Image: What is a traumatic brain injury?
Term
What causes TBI?
Definition
Blows or penetration to the head can lead to a TBI.
Location
Term
What are instances that could lead to a TBI?
Definition
- falls
- sport-related injuries
- blunt trauma
- motor vehicles-related collisions
- assaults
- explosive blasts
Location
What are the risk factors for TBI?
Those at most risk include children, young adults, adults over 60, and generally males
How is TBI diagnosed?
- CT scan
- MRI
- intracranial pressure monitoring
- checking patient's abilities using the Glasgow Coma Scale, which is a system used to determine the level of consciousness following a TBI
What are signs of mild TBI (or a concussion)?
- headache
- confusion
- dizziness
- ringing in the ears
- fatigue
- lightheadedness
- mood changes
- issues with concentration, thinking, and memory
- brief loss of conscious
- irregular change in sleep patterns
- foul taste in mouth
How is mild TBI treated?
Mild TBI is treated by resting and taking otc (over-the-counter) medications
Term
What are signs of moderate/severe TBI?
Definition
- worsening headaches
- weakness in the arms and/or legs
- unable to wake up from sleep
- loss of coordination
- dilated pupils
- slurred speech
- continuous vomiting/nausea
- seizures
- worsening confusion, fatigue, or anxiety
Location
How is moderate/severe TBI treated?
- surgery
- medications
- rehabilitation treatments
What are examples of surgeries to treat TBI?
- removing clotted blood
- opening a window in the skull to reduce pressure
- fixing skull fractures
- stop bleeding in the brain
- removing damaged or dead tissue
What are examples of medication to treat TBI?
- anticoagulants to decrease risk of blood clots
- anticonvulsants to reduce risk of seizures
- diuretics to reduce fluid in the tissues
- antidepressants to reduce mood instabilities
- anti-anxiety to reduce feeling of fear
What are primary examples of rehabilitation treatments for TBI?
- psychological counseling
- physical therapy
- occupational therapy
- speech therapy
What are the recovery rates of TBI?
-most people with mild TBI will have a positive recovery.
-about 60% of people with moderate TBI will have a positive recovery, while the remainder will experience disabilities or death
-about 30% of people with severe TBI will have a positive outcome, while the remainder will experience a persistently vegetative state or death
What are the possible long term effects of mild TBI?
- constant headaches
- anxiety
- depression
- memory loss
What are the possible long term effects of moderate TBI?
- numerous issues pertaining to speech, vision, hearing, motor abilities, cognitive aspects, behavior, smell, taste, sensory and perceptual aspects, and physicality
- coma
- brain death
- vegetative state which will most likely lead to the minimally conscious state