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Social Psychology

Terms in this set (24)

Aronson and Linder
Proposed gain-loss principle (an evaluation that changes will have more effect than an evaluation that remains constant)
Asch
Studied conformity by asking subjects to compare the lengths of lines
Bandura
Developed the social learning theory, which focuses on learning through social contexts -> eventually turned into social cognitive theory
social cognitive theory
referring to the use of cognitive processes in relation to understanding the social world
Bem
developed self-perception theory as an alternative to cognitive dissonance theory
cognitive dissonance theory
the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes
Clark, K. and Clark, M.
Performed study on doll preferences in African-American children; the results were used in the 1954 Brown v. the Topeka Board of Education Supreme Court case.
Darley and Latane
Proposed that there were two factors that could lead to non-helping: social influence and diffusion of responsibility
Eagly
Suggested that gender differences in conformity were not due to gender per se, but to differing social roles
Festinger
cognitive dissonance theory and social comparison theory
Hall
Studied norms for interpersonal distance in interpersonal interactions
Heider
Developed balance theory to explain why attitudes change; also developed attribution theory and divided attributions into two categories: dispositional and situational
Hovland
Studied attitude change based on the communication of persuasion
Janis
Developed the concept of groupthink to explain how group decision-making can sometimes go awry
Lerner
proposed concept of belief in a just world
Lewin
Divided leadership styles into three categories: autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire
McGuire
Studied how psychological inoculation could help people resist persuasion
Milligram
studied obedience by electroshock experiment; also proposed stimulus - overload theory to explain differences between city and country folk (if environment possesses too much stimuli = stress)
Newcomb
Studied political norms
Petty and Cacioppo
Developed elaboration likelihood model of persuasion (central and peripheral routes to persuasion)
Schachter
Studied relationship between anxiety and the need for affiliation
Sherif
Used autokinetic effect to study conformity; also performed Robber's Cave experiment and found that having superordinate goals increased intergroup cooperation
Zajonc
studied the mere exposure effect; also resolved problems with the social facilitation effect by suggesting that the presence of others enhances the emission of dominant responses and impairs the emission of nondominant responses
Zimbrado
performed prison stimulation and used concept of deindividuation to explain results
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