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Women, Music, Culture 3/e Chapter 3

Terms in this set (65)

Matrilineal
tracing ancestral descent through the maternal line
Aesthetic Experience
emotional and sometimes physiological response elicited by an artistic work
Form
the way in which segments are structured in a unified whole; a "blueprint" for the structure of the piece
Song
musical work that is sung and has lyrics
Genre
a classification or style; in music, could refer to any number of popular or art music styles such as rock, pop, songs, symphonies, opera, etc.
Art Song
a song written by a trained composer to convey a specific artistic idea, as in projecting the mood and meaning of a poetic text
Harlem Renaissance
an artistic movement that expressed Black nationalistic though through literature, art, and music. The movement centered in Harlem (1917-1935) and continued in Chicago (1935-1950)
Strophic Form
form in which each poetic verse is set to the same music
Word Painting
in texted works, using musical gesture or elements to reflect movement and emotion in the text
Melody
a sequence of single tones, usually unified in a system such as a key or mode; the "tune" of a work
Melisma
a succession of multiple pitches sung on a single syllable
Canon
a collection of works considered representative of an era or genre, and most worthy of study
Vernacular
"of the people," as opposed to work of the educated elite
Large-scale work
in music, refers to genres that require large numbers of performers (such as symphonies and opera); also refers to genres that are of significant length
Primary source
artifact that provides first-hand accounts of historical events or subjects; letters, diaries, and original music manuscripts are examples
Diaspora
a scattered population with a common geographical origin
polyrhythmic
simultaneous use of two or more distinct rhythms
Akan
ethnic group of West Africa
Fetish Priestess
woman who serves as a medium between the spirit world and the living
Dipo
Eastern Ghanaian puberty festival for girls
Diva
widely celebrated female singer
folk music
music created and transmitted "by the people" in contrast with popular and art music styles created by specialists
Xhosa
Bantu ethnic group of South Africa; also references the language of the Xhosa people
Apartheid
government-enforced system of racial segregation in South Africa from 1948-1994
tonal language
language in which pitch changes the meaning of a word
Yoruba
ethnic group originating in Nigeria and Benin
Fon
ethnic group originating in Nigeria and Benin
Samburu
ethnic group related to the Maasai of northern Kenya
Ululation
high-pitched vocal sound with rapid movement of the uvula and tongue, performed by women to express emotion; traditionally used in the Middle East and parts of Africa, often for life-cycle rituals
Neuva cancion
political song movement that emerged in South America during the 1950s and 1960s
Tumbao
Afro-Cuban rhythmic pattern; also, swagger
Art music
music created by a culturally respected individual, often associated with conveying a specific artistic idea; sometimes called "classical" music
Tarab
trance-like ecstatic state achieved through music performance; associated with Arabic music
Quranic recitation
oral recitation of the Quran/Koran performed in a chant-like manner; considered prayer, not "music"
Quran/Koran
the sacred text of Islam
Qasida
Arabic praise poetry with a fixed, formal structure
mode
a systematic musical pattern used to govern composition of melodies or rhythms; a scale is one type of mode
Maqamat
general term for an Arabic melodic mode; many specific modes exist
Iqa
general term for an Arabic rhythmic mode; many specific modes exist
Neoclassical
revival of a Classical style from a previous artistic period
takht
small Egyptian instrumental ensemble used for art music performances; features four or five men on traditional instruments
Firqa
large European-inspired Egyptian instrumental ensemble of up to twenty-eight performers that includes a bowed violin section
timbre
THE CHARACTERISTIC QUALITY OF SOUND PRODUCED BY A PARTICULAR INSTRUMENT OR VOICE; TONE COLOR
harmony
two or more pitches sounding simultaneously; a vertical element of music
utilitarian
stressing usefulness of aesthetic value
improvise
to compose, or simultaneously compose and perform, on the spur of the moment
tempo
the speed at which a work is performed
rhythm
the time-oriented organization of silence and sound
swing
a style of jazz; characterized by the use of large bands, fast tempos, and written arrangements for ensemble playing
syncopate
to accent a note that falls between main beats
backbeat
in popular music, a primary accent on the second and fourth beats of a four-beat measure
narrative
written or spoken chronicle of a past event; a story
Mariachi
Latin American ensemble originally from Mexico; traditionally features a variety of guitars as well as two or more of each of the following: violins, vihuela, guitarron, trumpets
Gamelan
percussion-dominated ensemble prevalent in several regions in Indonesia
ethnomusicology
field of study that uses sociological and musicological research methods to study the world's music
Syncretism
the blending and merging of two or more cultures into a distinctive new culture
Fieldwork
research situation in which a participant-observer is immersed into the culture being studied
matriarchy
a family or society dominated or ruled by women
Kolisha
"the voice of a woman"; a belief in Orthodox Judaism that women must not sing in the presence of men due to the potential to distract men in prayer
life-cycle ritual
community event that celebrates important rites of passage such as birth, puberty, marriage, death
throat singing
type of singing in which the singer creates more than one pitch at a time by manipulating the vocal resonance of the mouth as well as manipulating the throat
Inuit
traditional culture of the Arctic tundra
Katajjaq
Inuit throat singing, performed by two people
Day of the Dead
holiday of Mexican origin where families and friends pray for relatives and friends who have died
Catrina
female skeleton image associated with Day of the Dead celebrations; originated from an etching by Mexican printmaker Jose Guadalupe Posada
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