GCE O Level Biology: Definitions of Keywords from Nutrition in Plants, Transport in Plants and Humans

Photosynthesis
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Terms in this set (20)
Photosynthesis
Process in which light energy absorbed by chlorophyll is transformed into chemical energy. This chemical energy is used to synthesize carbohydrates from water and carbon dioxide, with oxygen being released during the process.
Image: Photosynthesis
Compensation point
Point when rate of photosynthesis is the same as rate of respiration
Image: Compensation point
Translocation
Transport of manufactured food substances such as sugars and amino acids in the phloem of plants
Image: Translocation
Root pressure
Pressure that forces water, absorbed from soil, to move through the roots and up the stem of a plant. This is normally due to the lower water potential in root cells
Image: Root pressure
Transpiration
Loss of water vapour from aerial parts of a plant, especially through the stomata of leaves
Image: Transpiration
Transpiration stream
Stream of water up a plant caused by transpiration pull
Wilting
Condition which results when plants lose more water through transpiration than is absorbed from roots
Image: Wilting
Antigen
Protein found on the surface of red blood cells which can be recognised by the immune system
Image: Antigen
Antibody
A protein produced by lymphocytes in response to the entry of foreign substances in order to render them harmless
Image: Antibody
Pathogen
Disease-causing micro-organism
Image: Pathogen
AcclimatisationOccurs when body produces more red blood cells to compensate for a lower concentration of oxygen in the atmospherePhagocytosisProcess of engulfing and ingesting foreign particles by white blood cells/phagocytesBlood serumBlood plasma without fibrin and blood clotting factorsDouble circulationConsists of pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation where blood passes through the heart twice in one complete circuitVentricular systoleOccurs when ventricles contractVentricular diastoleOccurs when ventricles relaxBlood pressureForce that blood exerts on the walls of blood vesselsTissue fluidBlood plasma that has moved out of blood capillaries to the surrounding tissue cellsAtherosclerosisDeposition of fatty substances on the inner surface of an arteryThrombosisA blood clot that forms in an artery