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While race is a social construct based on physical appearance, racial identity refers to the way a person is perceived—both by themself and by others—based on their race. In the context of the article, author Emily Chiariello asserts that white people are privileged due to their skin color and its accompanying racial identity.
Ideas, assumptions, and beliefs that support biased viewpoints and prejudicial actions based on a feeling of superiority over another group because of their skin color. A belief that certain groups should not be allowed to participate in the process of government or economic opportunity, that they may be discriminated against due to their physical characteristics, and that they are inferior based on physical appearance. There is no scientific basis for grouping people in this manner.