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Histology: Renal System

Terms in this set (29)

Define and describe the term Hilum.
It is where the nerves enter, the ureter exists, and blood and lymph vessels enter and a coverxt lateral surface both covered by a thin fibrous capsule.
What is the renal cortex?
A darker outer portion of the kidney with many round corpuscles and tubule cross sections.
Discuss what are podocytes
They are unusual stellate epithelial cells found on the visceral layer on the renal corpuscle.
Fill in the missing word:
Connecting tubules from several nephron merge to form collecting tubules and further merge to from ______________
Connecting Ducts
What structure is found inside the Renal corpuscle?
Glomerulus
Identify the hormone produced by the kidneys that aids in the production of red blood cells (RBCs).
Erythropoietin
Name the entry and exit site for structures such as vessels, nerves, lymphatics and ureters that play a role in servicing the kidneys. ______________
Renal hilum
A frontal section through the kidney reveals an outer region called ______________ and an inner region called ______________.
1. Renal cortex, 2. Renal medulla
What is the structure that covers the parenchyma?
a) Renal medulla
b) Renal cortex
c) Renal pyramids
d) Renal papillary
b) Renal cortex
How many functional nephrons does one kidney have?
a) One million
b) Two million
c) Five million
d) Seven million
a) One million
Structure that can be found almost completely in the cortex?
a) Cortical nephrons
b) Juxtamedullary nephrons
c) Interlobar arteries
d) Arcuate arteries
a) Cortical nephrons
Renal functions include:
a) Filtration
b) Tubular secretion
c) Tubular reabsorption
d) Filtration, tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption
a) Filtration
What is the general role of the kidneys that involves a complex combination of renal functions?
a) Regulation of the balance between water and electrolytes (inorganic ions) and the acid-base balance
b) Excretion of metabolic wastes along with excess water and electrolytes in urine
c) Excretion of many bioactive substances, including many drugs
d) Regulation of arterial blood pressure by secretion of renin
e) All of the above
e) All of the above
Which of the following is the most important function of the kidney?

a) Excrete urea.
b) Gluconeogenesis during starvation.
c) Excretion of bioactive substances like drugs.
d) Regulation of balance between water and electrolytes.
d) Regulation of balance between water and electrolytes.
The renal capsule is covered by a shock-absorbing layer of adipose tissue known as:
a) Nephron
b) Renal cortex
c) Renal fat pad
d) Renal column
c) Renal fat pad
The interlobar arteries extending between the renal pyramids toward the corticomedullary junction divide again to form___________ that run in an arc along this junction at the base of each renal pyramid.

a) afferent arterioles
b) efferent arterioles
c) arcuate arteries
d) renal artery
c) arcuate arteries
Which of the following statements are true:
i) The peritubular capillaries profusely distributed throughout the cortex.
ii) Efferent arterioles form peritubular capillaries from the juxtaglomerular corpuscles near the medulla.
iii) Blood leaves the glomerular capillaries via the efferent arterioles
iv) The capillaries in the kidney capsule converge into small stellate veins that empty into the collecting duct
a) II and III
b) I and III
c) II, IV and I
b) I and III
Tubular reabsorption takes place by moving substances from the tubular lumen across the epithelium into the interstitium and surrounding capillaries.
a) True
b) False
a) True
At the beginning of each nephron is a renal corpuscle that is approximately 200μm in diameter and has a tulf of glomerular capillaries surrounded by a capsular space
a) True
b) False
a) True
The kidneys participate in the production of vitamin D by converting the steroid prohormone produced in the epidermis.

a) True
b) False
a) True
Glomerulonephritis usually stems from humoral immune reactions
a) True
b) False
a) True
The kidney secretes renin in order to regulate renal blood pressure.

a) True
b) False
b) False
The left and right kidney are symmetric.
a) True
b) false
b) false
The adrenal gland is only located above the right kidney
a) True
b )false
b) false
The peritubular capillaries penetrate deep into the medulla in association with the loops of Henle and collecting ducts.
a) True
b) False
b) False
The long proximal convoluted tubule extends from the corpuscle leading to the short proximal straight tubule that enters the outer medulla.
a) True
b) False
a) True
Describe the flow of blood in the kidney
Blood flows from the abdominal aorta to the renal artery. This then divides into two or more segmental arteries at the hilum, where blood will leave to flow to the interlobar artery. From the interlobar artery blood will flow into an afferent arteriole, then into the first capillary bed known as the Glomerulus.
Blood leaving the glomerulus flows into an efferent arteriole and then into a second set of capillaries called the peritubular capillaries.
Finally, peritubular capillaries converge to form venules and small veins, sending blood out of the kidney through the renal vein.
Discuss the function of the structure that is found between the highly fenestrated endothelial cells of the capillaries and is found covering the podocytes.
This membrane is the most substantial part of the filtration barrier that separates the blood from the capsular space and forms by fusion of the capillary- and podocyte-produced basal laminae. Laminin and fibronectin in this fused basement membrane bind integrins of both the podocyte and endothelial cell membranes, and the meshwork of cross-linked type IV collagen and large proteoglycans restricts passage of proteins larger than about 70 kDa.
Briefly explain the regulatory function of the kidney and give an example of what is regulated.
They are involved in the excretion of metabolic wastes along with excess water and electrolytes in urine.
Example : nitrogen compounds, sodium, potassium.
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