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New Testament Chapter 1-4 Vocab

Terms in this set (52)

phylactery
small case containing texts of Scripture worn on the forehead or left arm by pious Jews in obedience to Exodus
casting lots
a practice akin to "drawing straws," used to select a person for a given task; were marked stones similar to dice
BCE
abbreviation meaning "before the common era;" in academic studies, it is typically used for dates in place of BC (before Christ)
CE
an abbreviation meaning "common era," in academic studies CE is typically used for dates in place of AD (anno Domini, "in the year of our Lord")
magi
astrologers or sorcerers associated with Persian religion
tetrarch
a ruler of a quarter of a province or region
prefect
in the Roman Empire, a magistrate or high official whose duties and level of authority varied in different contexts
procurator
a governor appointed by the Roman emperor to administer a province for an indefinite period of time
Essenes
ascetic, separatist Jews who lived in private communities
Dead Sea Scrolls
a collection of Jewish documents copied and preserved between 250 BCE and 70 CE
diatribe
a rhetorical device derived from Greek philosophy in which an author argues with an imaginary opponent by proposing objections and then responding to them
pagans
nonconverted gentiles, often associated by Jews and Christians with idolatry, polytheism, erratic religious beliefs, and an immoral lifestyle
eucharistic meal or Eucharist
from a Greek word meaning "thanksgiving"; the Christian rite or sacrament also knows as the "Lord's Supper" or "Holy Communion"
divination
any practice used to discern they will of diving beings and/or to predict the future
oracle
person, usually female, capable of receiving messages from the gods in response to particular queries, including questions about the future
heresy
false teaching, or teaching that does not conform to the official standards of a religious community
dualistic
exhibiting the tendency to separate phenomena into sharply opposed categories
ascetic
religiously strict or sever, especially with regard to self-denial or renunciation of worldly pleasures
patron-client relationship
a social system according to which people with power serve as benefactors to those lacking power
liberation theology
a movement in Christian theology, developed mainly by twentieth-century Latin American Roman Catholics, that emphasizes liberation from oppression
Hellenistic
affected by Hellenism- that is the influence of Greek and Roman culture customs, philosophy, and modes of thought
Torah
the law of Moses, as contained in the Pentateuch
Mishnah
a collection of rabbinic discussions regarding interpretation of the law of Moses
Talmud
collection of 63 books (including Mishnah) that contain Jewish civil and canonical law based on interpretations of Scripture
the law
the law of Moses or any regulations that the Jewish people understood as delineating faithfulness to God in terms of the covenant that God had made with Israel
priests
in Second Temple Judaism, people authorized to oversee the sacrificial system in the Jerusalem temple
scribes
Jewish professionals skilled in teaching, copying, and interpreting Jewish law; closely associated with the Pharisees
rabbis
Jewish teachers many of whom had disciples or followers
ascetic
religiously strict or severe, especially with regard to self denial or renunciation of worldly pleasures
apocalyptic ideas
ideas influences by a pessimistic forecast for the world at large, combined with an optimistic outlook and favored remnant
gentiles
people who are not Jewish
God fearers
gentiles who were sympathetic to Jewish theology and morality
pagan
Greco-Roman religion and culture as viewed from the perspective of Jews and Christians, who tended to associate what was "_________" with erratic religious beliefs and an immoral lifestyle
syncretism
the combination or fusion of different religious or cultural beliefs and perspectives
purity codes
regulations derived from Torah that specified what was "clean" or "unclean" for the Jewish people
apostle
one who is sent; used for certain leaders among the earliest followers of Jesus, especially the twelve disciples and Paul
covenant
an agreement or pact between God and human beings that establishes the terms of their ongoing relationship
testament
here, a written account of a ____________; is is in this sense that part of the Bible are called the Old Testament and New Testament
General or Catholic Letters (Epistles)
the seven letters traditionally thought to have been written to the church "at large" rather than to specific individual congregations: James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, Jude
canon
literally "rule" or "standard"; used by religious groups to refer to an authoritative list of books that are officially accepted as Scripture
apostolic tradition
oral or written materials that are believed to bear a close connection to Jesus, his original disciples, or the missionary Paul, or believed to be congruent with what those people taught
Scripture
the sacred writings of a religion, believed to be inspired by God and viewed as authoritative for faith and practice
variant
in text criticism, an alternative reading of a text, supported by some manuscripts
postmodern philosophy
a relativistic approach to life and thought that denies absolutes and objectivity
Samaritans
Semitic people who lived in Samaria at the time of Jesus and claimed to be the true Israel
kingdom of God/kingdom of heaven
phrases used to describe the phenomenon of God ruling, wherever and whenever that might be
parables
figurative stories or sayings that convey spiritual truth through reference to mundane and early phenomena
exorcism
the act of casting a demon out of a person or thing
demon
an evil (or unclean) spirit capable of possessing people and incapacitating them with some form of illness or disability
Golden Rule
a traditional name given to the words of Jesus in Matthew 7:12 "In everything do to others as you would have them do to you"
Christ
"anointed one" or Messiah; the man known as "Jesus the Christ" eventually came to be called simply "Jesus Christ"
Christology
a branch of theology that focuses on the person and work of Jesus Christ, often understood as an eternal divine figure
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