GCE O Level Biology: Definitions of Keywords from Reproduction in Plants and Humans

Asexual reproduction
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Terms in this set (17)
Asexual reproduction
Process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent, without the fusion of gametes
Image: Asexual reproduction
Gametes
Reproductive cells containing half the number of chromosomes as the normal body cell, a.k.a. sex cells
Image: Gametes
Sexual reproduction
Process involving the fusion of the male and female gametes to form a zygote, resulting in the production of genetically dissimilar offspring
Fertilisation
Process by which female gamete fuses with a male gamete to form a zygote
Image: Fertilisation
Pollination
Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma
Image: Pollination
Self-pollination
Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of same flower or of a different flower on the same plant
Image: Self-pollination
Cross-pollination
Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of a flower in another plant of the same species
Image: Cross-pollination
Endosperm
Nutritive tissue which surrounds the developing embryo in a seed (from a flowering plant)
Image: Endosperm
Gonads
Reproductive organs in which gametes are produced
Image: Gonads
Diploid
A nucleus, cell or organism with two sets of chromosomes present, one from the female parent and the other from the male parent. (2n)
Image: Diploid
HaploidA nucleus, cell or organism with a single set of unpaired chromosomes (n)PubertyStage of human growth and development in which a person becomes physically matureMenopauseStage of a female's life in which eggs production and menstrual cycle stopsImplantationEmbedding of a fertilised egg into the wall of the uterus where it will continue its developmentAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)Sexually transmitted disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which acts by destroying the immune systemMenstruationStage of menstrual cycle when uterine lining breaks down, causing blood and broken lining to flow out through the vagina as a bloody dischargeOvulationThe release of a mature ovum from the ovary