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Biology Chapter 5

Terms in this set (26)

plasma membrane
The biological membrane that separates the internal contents of a cell from its external environment
Biological membrane
Any membrane made by living cells; can be the plasma membrane or an internal membrane that surrounds an organelle: thin
phospholipid bilayer
The basic framework of a biological membrane, consisting of two layers of phospholipids
Fluid Mosaic model
The excepted model of a biological membrane; it's basic framework is a semifluid phospholipid bilayer with a mosaic of proteins. Carbohydrates may be attached to the lipids or proteins
Leaflet
Half of a phospholipid by layer or a portion of a compound leaf
Transmembrane proteins
A protein that has one or more regions that are physically embedded in the hydrophobic regions of a membrane phospholipid bilayer
Lipid anchored protein
A type of integral membrane protein that is attached to the membrane via a lipid molecules
Integral membrane proteins
A proteins such as a transmembrane proteins or a lipid anchored protein that cannot be released from the membrane unless the membrane is dissolved with an organic solvent or detergent
Peripheral membrane protein
A protein that is noncovalently bound to a region of an integral membrane proteins that projects out from the membrane or noncovalently bound to the polar head of a phospholipid
Fluidity
A property of biological membranes in which individual molecules remain in close association yet have the ability to rotationally or laterally within the plane of the membrane. Membranes are semi fluid
semi-fluid
A property of biological membranes in which movement of membrane components occurs only in two dimensions
lipid rafts
In a membrane, a group of lipids, sometimes including associated proteins, that float together as a unit in a larger sea of lipids
Unsaturated
The property of certain lipids that contain one or more carbon double bonds
Transmembrane proteins called cell adhesion molecules bind to each other to promote cell to cell adhesion. In addition, they can bind to filaments in the extracellular matrix, such as collagen fibers, thereby causing a cell to adhere to the extracellular matrix
Discuss how transmembrane proteins are important in the binding of cells to each other in the binding of cells to the extracellular matrix
Phospholipids are transferred to the other leaflet of the ER membrane via enzymes called flippases
How are phospholipids transferred to the leaflet of the ER membrane that faces the ER lumen?
The most common feature causing a transmembrane segment to form is a stretch (20) of amino acids that mostly have hydrophobic nonpolar side chains
What structural feature of a polypeptide causes a region of it to form a transmembrane segment?
Glycosylation
The covalent attachment of a carbohydrate to a protein or lipid, producing a glycoprotein or glycolipid, respectively
Glycolipid
A lipid that has a carbohydrate attached to it
Glycoprotein
A protein that has a carbohydrate attached to it
Plasmolysis
The shrinkage of algal or plants cytoplasm that occurs when water leaves the cell by osmosis, with the result of the plasma membrane no longer presses on the cell wall
Transport proteins
A transmembrane proteins that provides a passageway for the movement of ions in hydrophilic molecules across the phospholipid bilayer
Channels
A transmembrane proteins that forms an open passageway for the facilitated diffusion of ions or molecules across the membrane
The purpose of getting is to regulate the function of channels, allowing them to be opened or closed
What is the function/purpose of gating?
Uni porters
A type of transport is it bonsai single ion or molecule and transports it across a membrane
Symporters
A type of transport of the bands two or more ions or molecules and transports them in the same direction across a membrane
Antiporter
A type of transporter that binds two or more ions or molecules and transports them in opposite directions across a membrane
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