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Ms Studies Chapter 4 test

Terms in this set (147)

Spanish
Mississippi
On April 7, 1798, just one week after the _________ evacuated Natchez, the United States established the _________ Territory.
Law Northwest
The _________ that created the Mississippi Territory was based on the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which established the _________ Territory and provided for its government.
Slavery Not Allowed
The law for the Northwest Territory stated that _________ was _________ _________.
Legal
The law creating the Mississippi Territory made slavery _________ in Mississippi.
Natchez
Capital
The law that created the Mississippi Territory designated _________ as the _________.
Moved
Washington
In 1802, the territorial assembly _________ the capital from Natchez to _________.
Jefferson
State
Learning
_________ College, Mississippi's first _________-supported institution of higher _________ was established at Washington in 1802.
President
Jefferson
The college was named for _________ Thomas _________.
Academy
First
Women
Elizabeth Female _________, which is considered by some historians as the nation's _________ Collegiate Institute for _________, was founded at Washington in 1818.
Audubon
Artist
Ingraham
Published
Novels
Among Washington's most renowned citizens were John James _________ the famous _________, and Joseph Holt _________, who, with his son Prentiss Ingraham, _________ more than seven hundred _________.
Natchez Trace
Transportation
Plagued
Lawless
The Mississippi River and the _________ _________ (the overland route that followed a northeasterly path beginning in Natchez) were the two main _________ routes into the Mississippi Territory, but they were _________ by _________ gangs of robbers who made both life and property unsafe in the new territory.
Public building
Jailhouse
The first _________ _________ erected in Mississippi was a _________.
flatboats
goods
port
_________ (large boats with flat bottoms and square ends, used for carrying freight downstream) carried a variety of _________ from Kentucky and Tennessee down the Mississippi River, past Natchez, to the _________ of New Orleans.
prey
The slow-moving flatboats were easy _________to the cutthroats and robbers who clustered in bands along the great river and the Natchez Trace.
canebreaks
The _________ (thickets of cane) near Vicksburg were among their favorite hideouts.
land deals
Paris
While land titles were being settled in the Mississippi territory, one of the most spectacular _________ _________ in history was being negotiated by American agents in _________.
sell
France
In 1802 there was a rumor that Spain might _________ Louisiana back to _________.
did intend
Jefferson
negotiations
After learning that Spain _________ _________ to return Louisiana to France, President Thomas _________ opened _________ with France.
all
New Orleans
He (Jefferson) did not want to buy _________ of Louisiana; he just wanted _________ _________.
Bonaparte
territory
15 million
3
acres
accepted
However, when Emperor Napoleon _________ of France offered to sell all 828,000 square miles of the Louisiana _________ for _________ _________, which was about _________ cents and _________, President Jefferson _________the deal.
doubled
size
This Louisiana Purchase more than _________ the _________ of the United States.
americans
Florida
In September 1810, a group of _________captured the Spanish fort at Baton Rouge and established the Republic of West _________.
annexation
They [Republic of West Florida] immediately asked for _________ (adding territory to an existing governmental unit) to the United States.
Madison
President James _________ issued a proclamation stating they would be part of the United States.
internal improvements
roads, bridges, canals, and other transportation needs
Natchez Trace
the overland route that followed a northeasterly path beginning in Natchez
Wilmot Proviso
secession a bill, which did not pass in Congress, that attempted to exclude slavery from any territory that America might acquire from Mexico in the Mexican War
Northwest Ordinance
a 1787 law that established the Northwest Territory, provided for its government, and forbade slavery in the territory
Kansas-Nebraska Act
an act of 1854 that created territories of Kansas and Nebraska, specified that the status of slavery there would be determined by popular vote, and repealed the Missouri Compromise
Constitution of 1817
our first state constitution, which was written before Mississippi was admitted to statehood
Missouri Compromise
an 1820 compromise in the U.S. Congress that prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory above the 36°30' parallel but allowed slavery below the 36°30' line
annexation
adding territory to an existing governmental unit
Dred Scott decision
U.S. Supreme Court decision in 1857 that ruled that Dred Scott had not been freed even though he was taken into free territory, that slaves were recognized as personal property under the U.S. Constitution, and that slave owners could not be restricted from taking their slaves or other personal property into any state or territory
protective tariff
tax placed on manufactured goods that are imported into America from foreign countries; its purpose is to protect American manufacturers
Constitution of 1832
a constitution to replace the unpopular and outdated Constitution of 1817; it removed property qualifications for public office and for voting
abolitionist
a person who wanted to end slavery
sectionalism
allegiance to local, rather than national, interests
free soilers
Those opposed to the extension of slavery into the territories
Flush Times
period of economic expansion in the early 1830s
Devil's Backbone
Nickname for the Natchez Trace
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
treaty that ended the Mexican War, wherein the U.S. acquired all or part of the present states of New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and California.
secession
allegiance to local, rather than national, interests
fire-eaters
a group of southern politicians who actively advocated secession
Louisiana Purchase
purchase in 1803 of the vast territory of Louisiana from France, which more than doubled the size of the United States
flatboat
a large boat with a flat bottom and square ends, used for carrying freight downstream
Compromise of 1850
compromise wherein California was admitted as a free state
Cause
War of 1812
Seas
Freedom
Mississippi
Indian War
The basic _________ of the _________ _________ _________ between England and America was _________ of the _________ but, as far as the _________ Territory was concerned, it was primarily an _________ _________.
British
Alliances
Indian
For about a year before the war, _________ agents in the United States had been forming _________ with various _________ nations.
Promised
Return
Land
Defeat
The British _________ to _________ their tribal _________ to the Indians if they helped _________ the United States.
Tecumseh
Shawnee
_________, the famous _________ warrior, helped the British organize the Indian tribes.
Mississippi
Enlist
In 1811, Tecumseh came to _________ to _________ the Choctaw and Chickasaw in his great confederation of Indian nations.
Did Not Join
Creek
The Choctaw and Chickasaw _________ _________ _________ Tecumseh in his war against the Americans, but the _________ Nation did.
Attacked
Soon after Tecumseh's speech, Creek war parties _________ white settlements along the southern frontier.
Jackson
Volunteers
Attack
Creeks
General Andrew _________ and his Tennessee _________ were ordered to _________ the _________.
Horseshoe Bend
Defeated
Forced
Sign
At the famous Battle of _________ _________ on March 27, 1814, General Jackson _________ the Creek nation and _________ them to _________ the Treaty of Fort Jackson.
Ceded
Million Acres
Under the terms of that treaty, the Creek nation _________ nearly 23 _________ _________ of land to the United States.
New Orleans
defend
British
After the defeat of the Creek, General Jackson was ordered to _________ _________ to _________ the city against a _________ invasion.
Battle
Over
When the _________ of New Orleans took place on January 8, 1815, the War of 1812 was already _________.
Neither
Received
But _________ the British naval commanders, nor General Jackson had _________ the official news.
Victory
America
Hero
Win
Presidential
This famous battle, which was a great _________ for _________, made General Jackson a national _________ and helped him _________ the _________ election several years later.
Grew
Statehood
Level
After the War of 1812, Mississippi's population _________ rapidly and soon reached the _________ necessary for advancement to _________.
Constitution
Officials
Elected
Congress
After a _________ was written and state _________ were _________, the U.S. _________ officially admitted Mississippi to statehood on December 10, 1817.
Natchez
Capital
_________ was named the state _________.
Mississippi
Slavery
Legal
Under the _________ Constitution of 1817, our first state constitution, _________ was maintained as a _________ institution.
Sectionalism
One of the challenges facing the young American republic in its early years was _________ (an allegiance to local, rather than national, interests).
Geography
Climate
This problem was caused by the differences in _________ and _________ that existed in various parts of the country.
Customs
Economic
People in each of these regions, or sections, developed local _________ and traditions and different _________ interests.
Supported Laws
Good
Representatives and senators in the U.S. Congress almost always _________ _________ and policies that were _________ for their section.
Tariff
One of the major causes of sectionalism was the _________.
Protective Tariff
Tax
Goods
Imported
A _________ _________ is a _________ placed on manufactured _________ that are _________ into America from foreign countries.
Added
Cost
This tax is _________ to the _________ of the products when they are sold to the American people.
Purpose
Protect
Manufacturers
Competition
Countries
The _________ of this tax is to _________ American _________ from the _________ of manufacturers in other _________.
Issue
Slavery
Another _________ that caused serious sectional differences was _________.
Southern
Slavery
Labor
In the _________ agricultural states, _________was the primary system of _________.
Natural Resource
Land
The state's most abundant _________ _________ was _________.
Obstacles
There were several _________ that had to be overcome before the state could realize the maximum benefit from this resource.
Roads
Bridges
In 1817, there were few _________ and _________ in Mississippi.
Rivers
Navigable
Also, many of the state's _________ another natural resource, were not _________ for any great distance.
occupy
Cultivate
In order for settlers to _________ and _________ the land, they had to be able to get to it.
Internal Improvements
The need for _________ _________ (roads, bridges, canals, and other transportation needs) was one of the most important issues to come before the state legislature.
Legislature
Site
New
Capital
Center
In 1821, the _________ appointed a special committee to recommend a _________ for a _________ state _________ as near the _________ of the state as possible.
Le Fleur's Bluff
Jackson
The committee recommended _________ _________ _________ on the Pearl River. In December 1822, this city was renamed _________ in honor of General Andrew Jackson.
Delegates
Drafted
New
Constitution
On September 10, 1832, forty-eight _________ met at Jackson and _________ a _________ state _________ [the constitution from 1817 was outdated].
Changes
Removal
Property
Office
Voting
Among the most important _________ in the Mississippi Constitution of 1832 was the _________ of all _________ qualifications for public _________ and _________.
Maintained Safety
The 1832 constitution _________ _________ as a legal institution.
Increased
Membership
Houses
The 1832 constitution _________ the _________ in both _________ of the legislature and created several new state agencies.
Required
Governor
The Constitution of 1832 also _________ the _________ to live in Jackson during his term of office.
Expanded
Government
Constitution
Capital
Residence
To provide for the needs of an _________ state _________ the first legislature to meet after the adoption of the new constitution appropriated $105,000 for the _________ of a state _________ and a _________ for the governor.
Parties
Whigs
Democrats
In antebellum Mississippi, there were two major _________, the _________ and the _________.
Choctaw
Chickasaw
Statehood
Only the _________ and the _________ remained in Mississippi when it was admitted to _________.
Gave Up
Lands
Indian territory
In the early 1830s, these two large nations [Indian] _________ _________ their remaining tribal _________ and moved to _________ _________.
Doubled
Land rush
Population
Economic
Social
Those land cessions more than _________ the area open for white settlement and caused a _________ _________ and _________ explosion that transformed Mississippi's _________ and _________ system.
flush times
The economic expansion of the early 1830s was known as the _________ _________.
Slaves
_________were imported into the state in ever-increasing numbers.
Plantation
Cotton
Slave Labor
During those Flush Times, Mississippians established the _________ system and the _________ economy - and linked their destiny to _________ _________.
Dependence
One Crop
King Cotton
One of the most important developments of the Flush Times was Mississippi's increasing _________ on a _________- _________ cotton economy, a crop that became known as _________ _________.
Controversy
Expansion
Legality
New States
The first major _________ over slavery was not about the _________ of the institution, but the _________ of slavery into the _________ _________ established in the Louisiana Territory.
Slave
Control
Washington
Free
If there were more _________ states, they [congressmen and senators of each state] could _________ the national government in _________. If there were more _________ states, they would control the national government.
Slave expansion Western Missouri Compromise
The early controversy over _________ _________ into the _________ territories was resolved by the _________ _________ of 1820.
admitted
pairs
free
slave
After the Missouri Compromise, states were _________ to the Union in ________, with one _________ state and one _________state admitted at the same time.
Texas
Annex
In 1836, _________ gained its independence from Mexico and asked the United States to _________ the territory.
Southerners
Slaves
Most Texans were _________ who had moved to Texas to acquire cheap land and plant cotton; and, they took their _________ with them.
Legal
Slavery in Texas was _________.
Florida
Admission
Slave
As Texas was seeking admission to statehood, _________ also petitioned for _________ [to the Union] and was admitted as a _________ state on March 3, 1845.
Balance
Favor
Slave
The admission of those two states tipped the _________ in _________ of the _________ states.
Free
In the spirit of the Compromise of 1820, two _________ states were soon admitted to restore a balance between free and slave states.
Mexico
Independence
_________ did not recognize the _________ of Texas.
United States
War
Within a year after the annexation of Texas, _________ _________ was at _________ with Mexico.
Ended
Acquired
Territory
Under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848, which _________ the Mexican War, the United States _________ the _________ that includes all or part of the present states of New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and California.
Support
Mississippi
South
Unpopular
North
The Mexican War had broad popular _________ in _________ and the _________, but it was very _________ in the _________.
Abolitionists
Power
Increase
Slave States
_________ (those who wanted to end slavery) claimed that the war was designed to _________ the political _________ of the _________ _________.
Bill
Exclude
Acquire
Mexico
To prevent this happening [increase of political power of slave states], David Wilmot, a congressman from Pennsylvania, introduced a _________ to _________ slavery from any of the territory that America might _________ from _________.
Wilmot Provisio
Debate
Congress
This bill, called the _________ _________ ignited a bitter sectional _________ in _________.
Not Passed
Northern
Prevent
Taking
Slaves
The law was _________ _________, but Mississippians and other southerners were angry that _________ states would try to _________ them from _________ their _________ into the western territory.
Mississippians
Secession
Southern Nation
By the time the war was over in 1848, some _________ were talking about _________ and the formation of a _________ _________.
Representatives
Mississippi
On June 3, 1850, _________ from nine southern states, including _________ met in Nashville, Tennessee.
Purpose
Formulate
Strategy
The _________ of this meeting was to _________ a _________ that would legalize slavery in Utah and New Mexico territories and would prevent the admission of California as a free state.
Clay
ease
tension
While the convention was in session, Senator Henry _________ of Kentucky introduced several bills that were designed to _________ sectional _________.
Compromise Of 1850
Clay introduced a series of bills that became known as the _________ _________ _________.
Did Not
differences
The Compromise of 1850 _________ _________ resolve the _________ between the free and slave states.
Senators
Foote
Davis
Mississippi's two United States _________ in 1850 were Henry Stuart _________ and Jefferson _________.
Supported
Opposed
Against
Senator Foote strongly _________ the compromise, but Senator Davis, Mississippi's most popular politician, _________ and voted _________ the compromise.
Legislature
Opposed
Delegates
Secession Convention
The Mississippi _________ also _________ the compromise and authorized a special election in September 1851 to elect _________ to a _________ _________.
Reorganization
Parties
This call for a special election sparked a great public debate and caused a major _________ of political _________ in Mississippi.
Resigned
Union Party
Senator Foote _________ his seat in the U.S. Senate, returned home, and organized the _________ _________.
Opposed
Secession
This party was composed of both Whigs and Democrats who had one thing in common; they were _________ to _________.
Jackson
The convention delegates assembled in _________ on November 10, 1851.
Secession
What was supposed to be a _________ convention turned out to be something quite different.
Severing
Mississippi
Union
Resolution
Calling
Convention
Instead of passing an ordinance _________ (cutting) the ties between _________ and the _________, the convention passed a _________ reprimanding the legislature for _________ the _________.
Delegates
Did Not Agree
Accept
Compromise
The _________ also declared that, even though they _________ _________ _________ with all of its provisions, the state of Mississippi should _________ and abide by the _________ of 1850.
Did have
Right
Withdraw
However, the delegates asserted that a state _________ _________ the constitutional and legal _________ to _________ from the Union.
Group
Politicians
Inflammatory Speeches
In the early 1850s, a _________ of southern _________ began making _________ _________ throughout the South.
Fire
Eaters
Persuade
Secession
Choice
Life
These men, called _________-_________ tried to _________ the southern people that _________ was the only _________ southerners had if they wanted to maintain their traditional way of _________.
Accepted
Advice
Establishing
Independent
Nation
An increasing number of southerners _________ the _________ of the fire-eaters and began to think in terms of _________ an _________ southern _________.
Kansas
Nebraska
Two
Territories
Slavery
Popular Vote
The _________-_________ Act of 1854 created _________ new _________ of Kansas and Nebraska and specified that the status of _________ in those territories would be determined by _________ _________.
Repealed
The law also _________ the Missouri Compromise.
Abolitionists
Denounced
Southerners
Slave Expansion
_________ in the free states _________ the law, but _________ applauded the Kansas-Nebraska Act because it opened a vast new territory to _________ _________.
Migration
Status
Both sections [North and South] immediately realized the importance of _________ into Kansas, where a popular vote would determine the _________ of slavery.
Free Soldiers
The New England Immigrant Aid Society was formed to assist _________ _________ (those opposed to the extension of slavery into the territories) migrating to Kansas.
Supreme Court
Dred Scott Decision
One of the most important _________ _________ decisions in the nation's history, the _________ _________ _________, in the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford, was made on March 6, 1857.
Slave
Legal
Illegal
Dred Scott was a _________ who had been taken by his owner from Missouri, where slavery was _________, to Illinois and Minnesota, where slavery was _________.
Suit
Freedom
When his [Dred Scott] owner died, he was purchased by an abolitionist who allowed him to file _________ in federal court seeking his _________.
Ruled
Not Been Freed
The U.S. Supreme Court _________ that Dred Scott had _________ _________ _________ because he was taken into free territory.
John Brown
Raid
Harper's Ferry
On October 16, 1859, _________ _________ led a _________ on the federal arsenal at _________ _________, Virginia (now West Virginia).
Purpose
Arms
Ammunition
Slaves
Revolt
Brown's _________ was to capture a supply of _________ and _________ and lead the _________ in armed _________.
Not
Captured
Lee
Convicted
Executed
The raid was _________ successful; Brown was _________ by federal soldiers under the command of Robert E. _________ and later tried, _________, and _________ in December of 1859.
Americans
Slavery
Irrepressible
Conflict
War
After the Dred Scott decision and John Brown's Raid, _________ were weary of compromises and began to view the bitter struggle over _________ as an _________ (impossible to control) _________ that would lead eventually to _________ between the free states and the slave states.
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