PSY 250 Chapter 2

asylums
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Terms in this set (52)
asylums
places of refuge meant solely for the care of people with mental illness
Deinstitutionalization
Movement to close mental hospitals and treat people with severe mental disorders in the community
Catharsis
Discharge of emotional tension associated with something, such as by talking about past traumas
Dream Analysis
Method involving the recording, description, and interpretation of a patient's dreams
Exorcism
Primary type of treatment for demonic possession which included techniques for casting an evil spirit out
Free Association
Method for probing the unconscious by having patients talk freely about themselves, their feelings, and their motives
Mental Hygiene Movement
Movement that advocated a method of treatment focused almost exclusively on the physical well-being of hospitalized patients with mental disorders
Mesmerism
Theory of "animal magnetism" (hypnosis) formulated by Anton Mesmer
Moral Management
Wide-ranging method of treatment that focuses on a patient's social, individual, and occupational needs
Psychoanalysis
Methods Freud used to study and treat patients
Psychoanalytic PerspectiveTheory of psychopathology initially developed by Freud, that emphasizes the inner dynamics of unconscious motivesUnconsciousIn psychoanalytic theory, a major portion of the mind, which consists of a hidden mass of instincts, impulses, and memories and is not easily available to conscious awareness, yet plays an important role in behaviorIn the early 19th century, psychiatrists were referred to as __________ and held relatively inconsequential role in the care of the insane and the management of asylums: A. alienists B. lunatics C. soothsayers D. purgatistsalienistsBy the end of the 19th century: A. effective treatments had been developed for many forms of mental illness B. alienists had taken control of insane asylums and incorporated moral management therapy C. asylums were recognized as humanitarian institutions that served an important function D. Most mental hospitals effectively addressed the physical needs of patients but ignored other needsB. alienists had taken control of insane asylums and incorporated moral management therapy"Bedlam" was an institution that_______: A. administered physiological treatment to the mentally ill B. exhibited its violent patients on public display for a profit C. viewed itself as a religious house for the demonically possessed D. Allowed patients a lot of freedomB. exhibited its violent patients on public display for a profitThe surgical procedure used in the United States by Walter Freeman to treat severe mental disorders, one that initially involved the use of an ice pick, is known as a _________. A. psychocraniumotomy B. cranial dissecition C. lobotomy D. picketomyC. lobotomyFranz Mesmer was a proponent of ________ A. humanitarianism B. community mental health clinics C. the mental hygiene movement D. planetary influence on magnetic fluid in the bodyD. planetary influence on magnetic fluid in the bodyThe _________ was organized in 1946 and provided active support for research and clinical training programs A. American Psychiatric Association B. American Psychological Association C. Natural Association of Clinical Psychiatry D. National Institutes of Mental HealthD. National Institutes of Mental HealthThe Hill-Burton Act _________ A. Ended the moral hygiene movement B. contributed to the practice of warehousing the mentally ill C. provided funding for the community mental health hospitals D. legislated the creation of 50% more inpatient for the mentally illC. provided funding for the community mental health hospitalsWhich of the following events of the 20th century triggered an increased emphasis on reforming mental hospital environments? A. the passage of the Beers-Tuke Mental Health Act B. the development and use of antipsychotics and mood stabilizers C. The creation of the National Institutes of Mental Health D. The doubling of the residential population in psychiatric hospitalsC. The creation of the National Institutes of Mental HealthThe study of hypnosis and its relationship to hysteria was the starting point for A. the medical model B. the biological classification of mental disorders C. psychoanalysis D. the mental hygiene movementC. psychoanalysisWho is considered the father of modern medicine, and shifted the view of the origins of mental disorder from supernatural forces to problems in the human body? A. Aristotle B. Hippocrates C. Pluto D. AlexanderB. HippocratesThe Public Hospital in Williamsburg, VA was the first hospital in the U.S. devoted exclusively to the mentally ill, and held to a treatment philosophy that _________. A. patients needed to choose rationality over insanity, with aggressive treatment techniques designed to intimidate patients B. patients were demonically possessed and needed to be made uncomfortable in order to force the demons to leave C. patients were medically ill and needed physiological treatments D. patients were basically animals and should be treated as suchA. patients needed to choose rationality over insanity, with aggressive treatment techniques designed to intimidate patientsWhich of the following individuals increased the availability of treatment for the mentally ill in the U.S., particularly those consigned to prisons and mental institutions A. Dorothea Dix B. Benjamin Rush C. Emil Kraepelin D. Philippe PinelA. Dorothea DixSigmund Freud and Josef Breuer proposed that allowing patients to discuss their problems under hypnosis would provide a therapeutic emotional release. What is this emotional release called? A. Free association B. Catharsis C. Dream Analysis D. MesmerismB. CatharsisDorothea Dix ___________. A. urged that religious conversion should be a primary means of treatment for the mentally disturbed B. was a major impediment to the mental hygiene movement in the U.S. C. was a leading force in the emphasis on finding biological cures for mental disorders D. is credited with establishing numerous humane mental hospitals in at least 20 statesD. is credited with establishing numerous humane mental hospitals in at least 20 statesStemming from the work of Pinel and Tuke, moral management treatment __________ A. focused on the physiological problems that mental patients supposedly had, rather than their mental states B. focused on the symptoms that mental patients rather than on their moral character C. focused on warehousing and punishing mental patients so that they would choose to become well D. focused on the moral and spiritual development of mental patients rather than on their disorderD. focused on the moral and spiritual development of mental patients rather than on their disorderWhich of the following statements describes the original purpose for placing individuals in asylums? A. to remove troublesome individuals from society who could not care for themselves B. to protect society from the dangerous nature of the mentally ill C. to offer humanitarian treatment to those afflicted with mental illnesses D. to offer scientifically sound approaches to the treatment of mental disordersA. to remove troublesome individuals from society who could not care for themselvesLightner Whitmer is credited with _________. A. establishing psychology as a field in the U.S. B. bringing psychoanalysis to the U.S. C. writing the first psychology text D. being the founder of clinical psychologyD. being the founder of clinical psychologyDuring the first half of the 20th century _________. A. a substantial number of asylums & mental hospitals were established B. most of the institutionalized & mentally ill received moral therapy C. hospital stays for the mentally ill tended to be brief D. mental hospitals housed very few peopleA. a substantial number of asylums & mental hospitals were establishedFree association and dream analysis __________ A. are techniques typically used with hypnotized subjects B. provided insight into the workings of the unconscious C. Were developed in the early 1800s D. have been used extensively in behavioral therapyB. provided insight into the workings of the unconsciousWhich of the following statements describes how the 4 humors were used to explain the concept of temperament A. fluids were tested by drawing blood and using a system of weights & balances to determine the most dominant humor B. A person's natural physical response (hot, cold, sweat, dry) after exposure to the earth, air, fire, or water revealed the dominant humor C. the 4 fluids combined in different proportions within individuals & temperament was determined by the most dominant humor D. the system of measurement was the first indication that ancient people recognized the significance of the brain in determining behaviorC. the 4 fluids combined in different proportions within individuals & temperament was determined by the most dominant humorThe Public Hospital n Williamsburg, VA, was the first hospital in the U.S. devoted exlusively to the mentally ill, and held to a treatment philosophy that_________.patients needed to choose rationality over insanity, with aggressive treatment techniques designed to intimidate patientsWhy was Julius von Wagner-Jauregg's malarial therapy effective in treating general paresis?H knew that high fever associated with malaria killed off the bacteriaEarly writing show that Chinese, Egyptians, Hebrews, and Greeks often attributed abnormal behavior to ________.demonology, Gods, magic.Who established the first experimental psychology laboratory?Wilhelm WundtThe rationale behind deinstitutionalization was _________.The concern that the mentally ill were taking escapist refuge in mental hospitals and developing a permanent and chronic dependence on the psychiatric communityFree association and dream analysis _________provide insight into the workings of the unconsciousOne of Galen's contributions to the field of abnormal psychology was __________.separating the causes of psychological disorders into physical and mental categoriesIn the early 19th century, psychiatrists were referred to as ________ and held a relatively inconsequential role in the care of the insane and the management of asylums.alienistsWhich of the following statements accurately characterizes the moral management approach to treating the physical and mental disorders of mentally ill patients?patients attended spiritual discussions and engaged in manual labor tasksWhich of the following statements about the treatment of abnormal behavior in the Middle Ages is accurate?Islamic forms of treatment were more humane than European approachesAccording to early beliefs, what would characterize an individual with an excess of phlegm?calmnessthe first classification of mental disorders involvedrecognizing symptoms that occurred together enough to be regarded as a type of mental disorderWhich of the following statements best reflects Tuke's contributions to treatment approaches?He established the York retreat, a residential house for the mentally ill that battled against brutality and ignorance and incorporated the religious beliefs of the QuakesWhich of the following statements describes how the four humors were used to explain the concept of temperament?the four fluids combined in different proportions with individuals and temperament was determined by the most dominant humor___________ was a swiss physician from the early 1500s who criticized the idea that mental illness was due to demonic possession and instead insisted that it was a treatable diseaseParacelsusClifford Beers is best known for ________.publicizing the brutality that many mental patients experienced from being restrained in straitjacketsWhich of the following was an unintended of the deinstitutionlization movement?an increase in population of prisons and jailsThe ancient physician __________ was the author of __________ the most widely studied medical work ever writtenAvicenna; The Cannon of MedicineDorothea Dix ____________is credited with establishing numerous humane mental hospitals at least 20 statesWho is considered the founder of American psychiatry?Benjamin Rush