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Geology

Terms in this set (41)

rock
a solid substance made of minerals
crystals
a substance that is joined together in a regular repeating pattern
4 characteristics of minerals
naturally made, nonliving, made of crystals and minerals of the same kind have the same structure
mineral properties
hardness, color and shine
streak
a scratch that the rock makes when rubbed against tile
igneous rock
rock made by hot liquid called magma, igneous means made from fire. Igneous rocks are always being created inside the earth
magma
hot liquid that forms rock as it cools
lava
magma that comes to the surface
sedimentary rock
rock formed by wind, water and weather over time. The sediment is washed along the rivers and piles up, the pressure cements the sediment into a hard rock
examples of sedimentary rock
shale, sandstone and conglomerate
rock salt
rock formed when water evaporates and leaves layers of minerals
three ways sedimentary rocks are formed
pieces of rock, dissolved in water and water evaporates, from living things when animals die
metamorphic rock
rock formed by heat and pressure
Gneiss
metamorphic rock that comes from granite
quartz
metamorphic rock that comes from sandstone
slate
metamorphic rock that comes from the sedimentary rock shale
marble
metamorphic rock that comes from limestone
rock cycle
changes to rock, part of God's plan, sedimentary and metamorphic rock can be changed into igneous rock, igneous rock and metamorphic rock can change into sedimentary rock and sedimentary and igneous rock can be metamorphic rock
graphite
crystal in lead used to write with
crust
layer of earth we walk on made of rock
mantle
layer of earth under the crust that is made mostly of magma
outer core
under the mantle consists of melted metal mostly iron and nickel
inner core
is also metal but is solid and is one of the layers of the earth
geologist
scientist who studies the earth crust
continental drift theory
Wegener theory that states the continents moved and separated
plates
large sections of the earth's crust
plate tectonics
convection currents moving the plates of the earth
fault
a place where two plates meet
ridge
the place where spreading happens
spreading
plates that move away from each other
trench
when the earth's plates collide and the edge of one plate slips under the edge of another plate
richter scale
a scale that measures earthquakes based on a number
mercalli scale
a scale that measures earthquakes based on the damage to people and structures. Goes from 1 to 12.
vent
hole in the ground that magma comes out of during a volcano
plumes
magma that comes up from the ocean floor and causes volcanoes
active volcano
volcano that has erupted recently
dormant volcano
volcano that has not erupted in recent history but still has the potential
extict volcano
the scientists believe this volcano will not erupt again
geyser
volcanoes can cause this and it is a eruption of hot water
pangea
huge supercontinent
ore
a streat worth mining
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