Chapter 15 A&P Practice Test Study Guide

Interoceptors are found in
A) blood vessels
B) visceral organs
C) muscles
D) all of these choices
E) none of these choices
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Interoceptors are found in
A) blood vessels
B) visceral organs
C) muscles
D) all of these choices
E) none of these choices
D) all of these choices
Autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by
1. increasing activities in effector tissue.
2. decreasing activities in effector tissue.
3. changing the direction of impulse conduction across synapses.
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) Both 1 and 2
E) None of these choices
D) Both 1 and 2
The autonomic nervous system is NOT involved in controlling
A) exocrine glands.
B) skeletal muscle.
C) cardiac muscle.
D) smooth muscle.
E) endocrine glands
B) skeletal muscle
Which of the following descriptions of a preganglionic neuron is NOT correct?
A) Has axons that exit the CNS in a cranial or spinal nerve.
B) Has myelinated axons.
C) Forms the first part of an autonomic motor pathway.
D) Has its cell body in the brain or spinal cord.
E) Forms gap junctions with postganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia.
E) Forms gap junctions with postganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia
A postganglionic neuron in the ANS
A) releases neurotransmitter that binds to the effector cell.
B) is the first part of an autonomic motor pathway.
C) has its cell body in the brain or spinal cord.
D) has its axons exiting the CNS through cranial nerves.
E) carries information into the sympathetic chain ganglia.
A) releases neurotransmitter that binds to the effector cell.
Which of the following types of neurons would normally have the shortest axon?
A) Somatic motor neurons
B) Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
C) Postganglionic sympathetic neurons
D) Preganglionic sympathetic neurons
E) Somatosensory neurons.
D) Preganglionic sympathetic neurons
Which of the following does NOT describe the sympathetic division of the ANS?
A) Ganglia primarily found in the head
B) Stimulates sweat glands
C) Synapses with smooth muscle in blood vessel walls
D) Short preganglionic neurons
E) Thoracolumbar output
A) Ganglia primarily found in the head
Which of the following does NOT describe the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
A) Long preganglionic neurons
B) Synapses with smooth muscle in blood vessels walls
C) Vagus nerve output
D) Ganglia found near visceral effectors
E) Sacral spinal cord output
B) Synapses with smooth muscle in blood vessels walls
Which of the following terms is used to designate an effector that is innervated by both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS?
A) Preganglionic stimulation
B) Biganglion excitation
C) Multi-autonomic output
D) Bipolar innervation
E) Dual innervation
E) Dual innervation
Which of the following is NOT a sympathetic prevertebral ganglion?
A) Celiac ganglion
B) Ciliary ganglion
C) Superior mesenteric ganglion
D) Inferior mesenteric ganglion
E) All are prevertebral ganglia
B) Ciliary ganglion
Which of the following is NOT a parasympathetic terminal ganglion? A) Ciliary ganglion B) Pterygopalatine ganglion C) Submandibular ganglion D) Otic ganglion E) All are parasympathetic terminal gangliaE) All are parasympathetic terminal gangliaThe largest autonomic plexus is called the A) superior mesenteric plexus. B) renal plexus. C) cardiac plexus. D) celiac plexus. E) hypogastric plexusD) celiac plexusThis autonomic plexus is located anterior to the fifth lumbar vertebra and serves the pelvic viscera. A) Inferior mesenteric plexus B) Renal plexus C) Celiac plexus D) Hypogastric plexus E) Superior mesenteric plexusD) Hypogastric plexusThese are structures containing sympathetic preganglionic axons that connect the anterior ramus of the spinal nerve with the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk. A) Lumbar splanchnic nerve B) Greater splanchnic nerve C) Inferior cervical ganglion D) White rami communicantes E) Gray rami communicantesD) White rami communicantesThese ganglia contain the cell bodies of the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons that serve the parotid salivary glands. A) Ciliary ganglia B) Pterygopalatine ganglia C) Submandibular ganglia D) Otic ganglia E) None of these choicesD) Otic gangliaThe two main neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are A) nicotine and adrenaline. B) muscarine and acetylcholine. C) norepinephrine and muscarine. D) norepinephrine and acetylcholine. E) somatostatin and nicotine.D) norepinephrine and acetylcholineAcetylcholine is released by _____________ postganglionic neurons and is removed from the synaptic cleft at a ______ rate than norepinephrine. A) sympathetic; slower B) sympathetic; faster C) parasympathetic; slower D) parasympathetic; faster E) both parasympathetic and sympathetic; slowerD) parasympathetic; fasterWhich of the following are types of cholinergic receptors? A) Nicotinic and adrenergic receptors B) Muscarinic and somatic receptors C) Adrenergic and somatic receptors D) Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors E) Somatostatic and nicotinic receptorsD) nicotinic and muscarinic receptorsAutonomic tone is regulated by the A) medulla oblongata. B) cerebellum. C) cerebrum. D) vermis. E) hypothalamus.E) hypothalamusWhich of the following responses is NOT caused by activation of the parasympathetic division of the ANS? A) Decreased heart rate B) Airway dilation C) Decreased pupil diameter D) Increased secretion of digestive juices E) Increased gastric motilityB) Airway dilationWhich of the following does NOT contribute to the longer lasting and more widespread effects observed with sympathetic activation versus parasympathetic activation? A) Norepinephrine is more slowly removed from synapses than ACh. B) Additional norepinephrine is released from the adrenal gland. C) Greater divergence occurs in sympathetic neural pathways. D) Blood flow to hypothalamus is decreased when sympathetic activation occurs.D) Blood flow to hypothalamus is decreased when sympathetic activation occurs.Which of the following responses is NOT caused by activation of the sympathetic division? A) Increased heart rate B) Airway constriction C) Decreased blood flow to kidneys and gastrointestinal tract D) Increased blood flow to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, liver and fat E) Increased blood glucose levelB) Airway constrictionWhat region does the superior cervical ganglion primarily serve? A) Abdominal B) Pelvic C) Skin D) Head E) None of these choicesD) HeadWhich ganglion supplies the stomach with postganglionic neurons? A) Middle cervical ganglion B) Inferior cervical ganglion C) Celiac ganglion D) Inferior mesenteric ganglion E) Ciliary ganglionC) Celiac ganglionWhich nerve supplies the inferior mesenteric ganglion with preganglionic neurons? A) Lumbar splanchnic nerve B) Lesser splanchnic nerve C) Greater splanchnic nerve D) Cardiac accelerator E) Phrenic nerveA) Lumbar splanchnic nerveThe superior mesenteric ganglion receives nervous input from the A) lesser splanchnic nerve. B) least splanchnic nerve. C) celiac ganglion. D) inferior mesenteric ganglion. E) lumbar splanchnic nerve.C) celiac ganglionPreganglionic neurons are supplied to the submandibular ganglion by which cranial nerve? A) Cranial nerve III B) Cranial nerve VII C) Cranial nerve IX D) Cranial nerve X E) None of these choicesB) Cranial nerve VIIPostganglionic neurons from the otic ganglion supply the A) parotid gland. B) heart. C) lungs. D) liver. E) ureterA) parotid glandWhich of the following nerves provides innervation for the external genitals? A) Cranial nerve III B) Cranial nerve VII C) Cranial nerve IX D) Cranial nerve X E) Pelvic splanchnic nerveE) Pelvic splanchnic nerveParasympathetic innervation of the liver occurs through A) cranial nerve III. B) cranial nerve VII. C) cranial nerve IX. D) cranial nerve X. E) pelvic splanchnic nerve.D) cranial nerve X.Which disorder is characterized by an exaggerated response of the sympathetic division of the ANS that occurs in most individuals with spinal cord injury at or above T6? A) Raynaud's phenomenon B) Autonomic dysreflexia C) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy D) Diabetic neuropathy E) Horner's SyndromeB) Autonomic dysreflexiaWhich disorder is characterized by the digits becoming ischemic after exposure to cold or emotional stress? A) Raynaud's phenomenon B) Autonomic dysreflexia C) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy D) Diabetic neuropathy E) Horner's SyndromeA) Raynaud's phenomenonWhich disorder is characterized by spontaneous pain, painful hypersensitivity to light touch, and excessive coldness and sweating in the affected area? A) Raynaud's phenomenon B) Autonomic dysreflexia C) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy D) Diabetic neuropathy E) Horner's SyndromeC) Reflex sympathetic dystrophyWhich disorder is a type of neuropathy often caused by long term diabetes mellitus? A) Raynaud's phenomenon B) Autonomic dysreflexia C) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy D) Diabetic neuropathy E) Horner's SyndromeD) Diabetic neuropathyWhich disorder involves the loss of sympathetic innervation to one side of the face due to inherited mutation, injury or disease? A) Raynaud's phenomenon B) Autonomic dysreflexia C) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy D) Diabetic neuropathy E) Horner's SyndromeE) Horner's SyndromeThoracolumbar is another name for which division of ANS? A) Parasympathetic B) Sympathetic C) Somatic nervous system D) Autonomic ganglia E) Craniosacral divisionB) SympatheticWhich division of ANS innervates the sweat glands and the hair follicles? A) Parasympathetic B) Sympathetic C) Neither division innervates these effectors D) Both divisions innervate these effectorsB) SympatheticWhich endocrine gland is directly innervated by sympathetic preganglionic axons? A) Pituitary gland B) Hypothalamus C) Pancreas D) Adrenal gland E) Thyroid glandD) Adrenal glandWhich of the following types of adrenergic receptors are only found in brown adipose tissue where their activation stimulates heat production? A) α1-adrenergic B) α2-adrenergic C) β1-adrenergic D) β2-adrenergic E) β3-adrenergicE) β3-adrenergicWhich of the following types of adrenergic receptors are found on cardiac muscle fibers where their activation stimulates increased force and rate of contraction of the heart? A) α1-adrenergic B) α2-adrenergic C) β1-adrenergic D) β2-adrenergic E) β3-adrenergicC) β1-adrenergicThe chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla possess this type of receptor which makes them responsive to the ACh released by preganglionic sympathetic neurons. A) muscarinic receptors B) nicotinic receptors C) β1-adrenergic D) β2-adrenergic E) β3-adrenergicB) nicotinic receptorsCatechol-O-methyltransferase is an enzyme that performs which of the following functions in the ANS? A) Inactivates ACh in a synapse. B) Activates ACh in a synapse. C) Inactivates norepinephrine in a synapse. D) Activates norepinephrine in a synapse. E) Promotes uptake of norepinephrine back into the synaptic knob.C) Inactivates norepinephrine in a synapseWhich of the following statements describes a common response of an autonomic effector during the ìfight-or-flightî response? A) Gastric motility and secretory activity increases. B) Blood vessels serving skeletal muscles constrict. C) Adipose tissues stores away triglycerides for later use. D) The pupils of the eyes dilate. E) Blood vessels serving the kidneys and digestive organs dilate.D) The pupils of the eyes dialteWhich of the following lists the components of an autonomic reflex arc in the proper sequence of activation? A) receptor ñ sensory neuron ñ integrating center ñ motor neuron ñ effector B) receptor ñ motor neuron ñ integrating center ñ sensory neuron ñ effector C) effector ñ sensory neuron ñ integrating center ñ motor neuron ñ receptor D) integrating center ñ receptor ñ sensory neuron ñ motor neuron ñ effector E) receptor ñ sensory neuron ñ motor neuron ñ effector ñ integrating centerA) receptor ñ sensory neuron ñ integrating center ñ motor neuron ñ effectorOne of the main differences between a somatic reflex and autonomic reflex is the type of effectors that are activated. The effectors in somatic reflexes are _______, while the effectors in autonomic reflexes are _______________. A) skeletal muscles; smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands B) striated muscles; smooth muscle and glands C) skeletal muscles and glands; smooth muscle and cardiac muscle D) glands; skeletal muscles, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle E) skeletal muscles; smooth muscle onlyA) skeletal muscles; smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glandsWhich the following regions of the brain serve as the major control and integration center of the ANS? A) cerebrum B) cerebellulum C) thalamus D) hypothalamus E) pituitaryD) HypothalamusStimulation of these areas of the hypothalamus would result in decreased heart rate, lower blood pressure, constriction of the pupils, and increased digestive activity. A) posterior and lateral areas B) posterior and medial areas C) anterior and lateral areas D) anterior and medial areas E) any area of the hypothalamusD) anterior and medial areas