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Unit 3 CH 3 & 4

Terms in this set (40)

________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.
beta-endorphin
The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________.
spinal cord
Which of the following senses is not routed through the thalamus?
smell
The space between two neurons is called the ________.
synapse
The ________ is located deep within the brain, and it includes structures such as the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area.
Correct!
midbrain
Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?
dopamine; norepinephrine
Which of the following is not a part of the fight or flight response?
running away
Parsons et al. are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Which of the following is not a hindbrain structure?
amygdala
Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain.
folds; grooves
Considerable debate occurs regarding the use of anabolic steroid drugs like ________ in professional athletes and bodybuilders.
testosterone
The ________ is the deep groove that separates the brain into two halves.
longitudinal fissure
________ is a midbrain structure critical to movement.
the ventral tegmental area
Hyperpolarization means that the ________.
membrane potential becomes slightly more negative than the resting potential
Agonists bind to ________ and antagonists bind to ________.
receptors; receptors
Psychological researchers study genetics in order to better understand the ________ that contributes to certain behaviors.
biology
Rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. This is embarrassing for her, so she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. Which area of Rosemary's brain was likely damaged by the stroke?
Wernicke's area
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?
Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.
Jeremy has Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood, and he feels the need to smoke more cigarettes than he used to. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to.
substantia nigra; dopamine
Of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 36.8% were likely to develop schizophrenia; of adoptees whose mothers did not have schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 5.3% were likely to develop schizophrenia. What is the most appropriate conclusion of these results?
Correct!
Environmental factors and genetic factors interact to determine whether a person is likely to develop schizophrenia.
Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the ________ content.
latent
Isla is describing her dream to a friend. She explains that in her dream she being chased by zombies and she escaped them by hiding in a refrigerator. Her description of her dream is focused on ________ content.
manifest
Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer?
Rosalind Cartwright
When Brady is hot he sweats. When Brady is cold, he gets goose bumps on his skin so he will warm up more quickly. This is an example of how the body tries to achieve ________.
homeostasis
Physical dependence on a drug is indicated by the user experiencing ________ as a result of discontinuing use of the drug.
changes in normal bodily function
Xi needs to stay awake another hour to study for his English final, so he drinks several cups of cola. When he's done studying, he finds that he can't sleep even though he wants to, he feels agitated, his muscles twitch, his heartbeat is irregular, and he feels nauseated. What is causing Xi to feel this way?
caffeine
Mescaline is considered a ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.
hallucinogenic
Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.
parasomnias
The sleep debt is the result of ________.
insufficient sleep on a chronic basis
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The brain's clock mechanism is located in an area of the hypothalamus known as the pineal nucleus.
The word "pineal" should be changed to the word "suprachiasmatic."
Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________.
chronotypes
People often report that they have not been asleep if they are awoken during stage ________ sleep.
1
What can you do to realign your biological clock with the external world when you work a rotating shift?
Expose yourself to bright light while working.
Which theorist suggested that dreaming may represent a state of protoconsciousness?
John Hobson
________ involves a virtual reality model of the world.
protoconsciousness
Which of the following statements about sleep-wake cycles is false?
Melatonin initiates the waking cycle.
Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________.
usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors
Which of the following is not a risk factor for SIDS?
You Answered
above average birth weight
Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake?
sleep
Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.
depressant
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