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World Geography Unit 1 Chapter 4

Terms in this set (49)

culture
the total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group
society
a group that shares a geographic regions, a sense of identity, and a culture
ethnic group
a specific group that shares a language, customs, and a common heritage
innovation
taking existing technology and resources and creating something new to meet a need
diffusion
the spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior
cultural hearth
a site of innovation from which basic ideas, materials, and technology diffuse to many cultures
acculturation
when a society changes because it accepts or adopts an innovation
dialect
reflect changes in speech patterns related to class, region, or other cultural changes
religion
a belief in a supernatural power or powers that are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the universe
monotheistic
belief in one god
polytheistic
belief in many gods
animistic
traditional, often with a belief in divine forces of nature
birthrate
number of live births per thousand population
fertility rate
the average age of number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime, if she had children at the current rate for her country
mortality rate
the death rate, the number of deaths per thousand people
infant morality rate
the number of deaths among infants under age one per thousand live births
rate of natural increase
the difference of the mortality rate from the birthrate
population pyramid
a graphic device that shows sex and age distribution of a population
push pull factors
factors that cause people to leave or draw people to a region
population density
average number of people who live in a measurable area
carrying capacity
the number of organisms a piece of land can support
state
an independent unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external affairs
nation
a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity
nation state
when a nation and state occupy the same territory
democracy
citizens hold political power, either directly or through elected representatives
monarchy
a ruling family headed by a king or queen holds political power and may or may not share the power with citizen bodies
dictatorship
an individual or group holds complete political power
communism
nearly all political power and means of production are held by the government in the name of all the poeple
landlocked
one surrounded by other land and with no direct outlet to the sea
urban geography
the study of how people use space in cities
cities
areas with large populations and centers of business and culture
suburbs
political units touching the borders of the central city or touching other suburbs that touch the city
metropolitan area
a functional area including the city, its suburbs, and exurbs
urbanization
the dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle
residential
including single-family housing and apartment building
industrial
areas reserved for manufacturing of goods
commercial
used for private business and the buying and selling of retail products
CBD
core of a city, always based on commercial activity
economy
the production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people
economic system
the way people produce and exchange goods and services
tradition economy
goods and services are traded without exchanging money
command economy
production of goods and services is determined by a central government, planned economy
market economy
production of goods and services is determined by the demand from consumers
mixed economy
a combination of command and market economies provides goods and services so that all people will benefit
natural resources
materials on or in the earth
infrastructure
the basic support system needed to keep an economy going, including power, communications, transportation, water, sanitation, and education systems
GDP
the total value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time
GNP
total value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year or some other specified period of time
per capita income
the average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit
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