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Research methods chapter 2

Terms in this set (16)

Carolyn sometimes taps on the basketball before shooting a free throw. She has noticed the times when she taps and makes the free throw more than she notices the times she makes the free throw without tapping the ball. Carolyn is experiencing which of the following?

a.) confound
b.) Cherry-picking
c.) present bias
d.) bias blind spot
c.) present bias
After two students from his school commit suicide, Marcelino thinks that the most likely cause of death in teenagers is suicide. What type of bias is affecting his thinking

a.) confound bias
b.)cherry picking
c.) Present bias
d.) availability heuristic
d.) availability heuristic
Which of the following is NOT a reason why basing one's conclusions on research is superior to basing one's conclusions on personal experience?
a.) research proves theories
b.) Experience is confounded
c.) Experience has no comparison group
d.) Research involves systematic and objective comparison of conditions
Which of the following is NOT an example of faulty thinking that might occur when relying on intuition

a.) Coming to a conclusion because it makes sense
b.) focusing on instances which come to mind quickly
c.) Noticing instances that occur when we expect them to
d.) testing hunches through systematic, empirical observations
d.) testing hunches through systematic, empirical observations
Research suggests that the time a student spends studying for an exam is positively related to the grade that student receives on the exam. However, last week, you took an exam without studying and got an A on the exam. What should you conclude about the relationship between study time and exam scores?
Although experience with one exam is an exception, the research findings explain the many possible cases
In a developmental psychology class, Trina learned about Baumarind's (1971, 1991) work on parenting styles. She recognized that her parents used an authoritarian style of parenting, as did all her relatives. Because that was the style of parenting she planned to use, she researched the advantages to that style while ignoring any studies that support the use of another parenting style. What is the term for what Trina was doing?
Cherry picking
Which of the following is a reason to trust the advice of authorities?

a. Authorities systematically and objectively compare different conditions
b. Authorities cherry pick evidence to support their own position
c. Authorities base advice on experience and tuition
d. Research cited by authorities may be unreliable so it is always important to check up on sources
d. Research cited by authorities may be unreliable so it is always important to check up on sources
A school district decides to compare a new math textbook with the textbook that has been used for the past few years. Each of the fourth graders in one school is randomly assigned to be in one of two classes, one in which a teacher continues using the old book and another in which a new teacher uses the new book. The school administrators compare the average scores of the two classes on a mathematics standardized test at the end of the year to determine which book is better.

What is a potential confound in this study?
Teachers have different amount of teaching experience
The idea that things that easily come to mind tend to guide our thinking is known as which of the following?
Availability heuristic
Which of the following is NOT a reason why basing one's conclusions on research is superior to basing one's conclusions on intuition?

a. Intuition may lead to a logical but incorrect conclusion
b. Intuition may lead to a conclusion which fits what you believe but is incorrect
c. Intuition may lead to a conclusion which comes to mind easily but is incorrect
d. Intuition always leads you to a conclusion that is incorrect
d. Intuition always leads you to a conclusion that is incorrect
In research, a confound is
an alternative explanation for an outcome that comes about because more than one thing changed at the same time.
Which of the following is the term used in psychology to describe a person who is an actor playing a specific role as part of an experiment?

a. Imposter
b. Accomplice
c. Confederate
d. Stooge
C. Confederate
What does it mean to say that research is probabilistic?
Conclusions are meant to explain a certain proportion of possible cases
Dr. Friedman suspects that women who work outside the home might be frustrated with the balance of responsibilities in their household. She devises a survey to give to married women employed outside the home that includes the question "Does your spouse bother to help you around the house?" What is the problem with Dr. Friedman's approach?
It is an example of asking hypothesis-confirming questions
Even when people are aware that individuals generally think in a biased way, they tend to think that they are unlikely to fall prey to those biases. This kind of bias is called which of the following?
Bias blind spot
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