International Organization, American Foreign Policy and Systems of Government Unit Review

Terms in this set (25)

Isolationism
a national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs
internationalism
involvement in world affairs it was necessary for national security.
Cold War
This period of time following World War II is where the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers and faced off in an arms race that lasted nearly 50 years.

The ideological struggle between communism (Soviet Union) and capitalism (United States) for world influence. The Soviet Union and the United States came to the brink of actual war during the Cuban missile crisis but never attacked one another.

Cold war lasted 1/2 century (50 years). It was the global competition beween communism and anticommunisn. Signs cold war was over is the collapse of the Soviet Union and the fall of communist government in Eastern Europe in the early 1990s.

Cold war shaped American foreign policy.
Foreign Policy
Strategies and goals that guide a nation's relations with other countries that groups in the world.
National Security
The ability to keep the country safe from attack or harm. Protection of a nation's border and territories against invasion or control by foreign powers. The goal is basic because no nation can achieve other aim such such as improving its educational system or providing better health care if it is under attack. National security is anything from maintaining an ambassador in a small Latin American county to signing a mutual assistance treat with allied nations in Europe.
Is Trade a necessity for the US?
Trade is an absolute necessity. Highly productive of American factories and farms need foreign markets to sell their goods and US is in need of number of natural resources including oil.
What is one of the important goal of American foreign policy?
World Peace because it is way to guarantee national security.
Monroe Doctrine
In 1823, President James Monroe announced a new foreign policy doctrine that extended the meaning of isolationism. ,

President James Monroe's statement forbidding further colonization in the Americas and declaring that any attempt by a foreign country to colonize would be considered an act of hostility
Containment
a policy of creating strategic alliances in order to check the expansion of a hostile power or ideology or to force it to negotiate pecefully.

or policy involved responding to any action taken by the Soviets with a counter move by the US.
Truman Doctrine
President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology.
Marshall Plan
A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western Europe.
detente
relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China
What is the most important objective of American foreigh policy?
The objective of american foreign policy is National Security, Free and Open Trade, World Peace, Democratic Government and Concern for Humanity.

However, the most important objective is World Peace because they believe its a way to guarantee national security. If nations are at peace, the US runs little risk of being drawn into conflict. To achieve this, US has cooperated with other government to settle disputes and supplied economic aid to other countried to prevent uprising and revolutions. The desire for world peace was the reason US helped organize the United Nations after World War II.
What are the basic aims of American foreign policy?
1. National Security

2. Establishing free and open trade: free exchange of goods and services between counties provides markets for US goods and allows the US to import desired goods from overseas.

3. Promoting world peace: Tied closely to national security is world peace. The greater number of counties that are at peace, the less likely the US to be drawn into conflicts.

4. Supporting Democracy: Beyond world peace, supporting democratic governments serves US interests by further stabilizing the world. New democracies open new markets for American goods.

5. Providing aid to people in need: US spends around $27 billion annually on humanitarian and other aid in the form of money, food, or military assistance, billions spent on reconstruction Iraq.
How did the United States carry out its policy of containment?
Truman in his policy of containment implemented an assortment of economic aid packages to Europe and Asia, in effect, to help those countries help themselves and stop the spread of communism. He saw economic stability as essential for peace and stability in the intentional arena
According to James A. Baker III, what three developments would affect future US foreign policy?
1. The emergence of a truly global economy based on free market principles.
2. The geopolitical shift associated with the end of the cold war.
3. The rise of cultural broadly defined, as an important but often misunderstood international force.
War on Terrorism
Initiated by Bush after 9/11, attacks to week out terrorist operatives throughout the world, using diplomacy, military means, improved homeland security, stricter banking laws, and other means.

US conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan to battle Islamic fundamentalist, terrorist
ambassador
An official of the United States government who represent the nation in diplomatic matters.
treaty
a formal agreement between the governments of two or more nations.
executive agreement
A formal agreement between the U.S. president and the leaders of other nations that does not require Senate approval.
bipartisan
supported by two political parties
Secretary of State
Supervises all the diplomatic activites of the American government.
National Security Adviser
Also known as the Director of the National Security Council (NSC) who plays a major role in foreign affairs.
Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA) Advisors who gather and coodinate information about the government, economies and armed forces of other nations.
Identify two of the president's constitutional foreign policy powers.
1. The constitution grants the president the power to be the commander in chief of the nation's military forces.
2. President appoints ambassadors.
3. President power to make treaties.
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