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Body Mechanics vocab

Terms in this set (47)

lateral
away from the midline
medial
toward the midline
Superior
above another structure
Inferior
Lower on the body, farther from the head
Anterior
toward the front
Posterior
toward the back
Posterior
toward the back
Proximal
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Distal
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
sagittal plane
vertical division of the body into right and left portions
frontal plane
Divides the body into front and back portions.
transverse plane
divides the body into upper and lower halves
extension
Straightening of a joint
Flexsion
Bending a body part
Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
Elevation
raising a body part
Depression
lowering a body part
Inversion
turning inward
Eversion
turning outward
Rotation
CIRCULAR MOVEMENT AROUND AN AXIS
Pronation
movement that turns the palm down
Supination
movement that turns the palm up
Horizontal flexion
Movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body parallel to the ground.
horizontal extension
Movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body parallel to the ground.
Bones
body structure made up of calcified tissue
long bones
longer than they are wide
short bones
bones which have similar height and width
flat bones
These bones are thin, flat, and curved. They form the ribs, breastbone, and skull.
irregular bones
bones of the vertebrae and face
sesamoid bones
round bones found near joints
muscle
tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement of an organ or part of the body
joints
Areas where two or more bones join together
fibrous joints
consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together
cartilaginous joints
allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage
synovial joints
freely movable joints
hinge joint
Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane
ball and socket joint
shoulder and hip
condyloid joint
synovial joint that does everything except rotating
pivot joint
rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between radius/ulna and humerus
planar joint
the articulating surface is flat or slightly curved, permitting back and forth and side-to-side movements
saddle joint
type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation
parallel muscles
muscles with long fibers which line up parallel to the length of the muscle
Pennant muscle
muscles with short fibers arranged at an angle to the length of a muscle
describe how muscles, joints, and bones work together to allow movement of the body
they work together to create movement
Contractability
muscle fibers that are stimulated by nerves contract which causes movement
Excitability
ability to respond to a stimulus
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