Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Exam 1

Terms in this set (67)

interpersonal communication
a distinctive, transactional form of human communication involving mutual influence, usually for the purpose of managing relationships
relationship
connection established when one person communicates with another
3 Axioms of Communication
-One cannot NOT communicate
-All communication has a content and relationship
-Communication is learned
INTRApersonal communication
communicating with oneself
impersonal communication
process that occurs when we treat others as objects or respond to their roles rather than who they are as unique persons
public communication
process that occurs when a speaker addresses an audience
small group communication
process that occurs when a group of 3-15 people meet to interact with a common purpose and mutually influence one another
mass communication
Process that occurs when one person issues the same message to many people at once; the creator of the message is usually not physically present, and listeners have virtually no opportunity to respond immediately to the speaker.
human communication
the process of making sense out of the world and sharing that sense with others by creating meaning through verbal and nonverbal messages
social information-processing theory
theory that suggests people can communicate relational and emotional messages via the Internet, although such messages take longer to express without nonverbal cues
hyperpersonal relationship
A relationship formed primarily through electronically mediated communication that becomes more personal than an equivalent face-to-face relationship because of the absence of distracting external cues, smaller amounts of personal information, and idealization of the communication partner.
6 Small Talk Skills
-maintain eye contact
-display nonverbal immediacy
-remember and use the other person's name
-draw out the other person
-keep it light
-accentuate the positive
expectancy violation theory
theory that you interpret the messages of others based on how you expect others to behave
IPC Principles
-Connects us to others
-it's irreversible
-it's complicated
-it's governed by rules
-involves both Content and Relationship Dimensions
Self-Concept
a person's subjective description of who he or she is
Self-Concept Values Beliefs and Attitudes
-Values: defines you/identity (good or bad)
-Beliefs: True or false
-Attitudes: Likes or Dislikes
3 Dimensions of Self
-Material self
-Social Self
-Spiritual Self
Material self
physical elements
social self
formal and informal roles we play
spiritual self
Thoughts & introspections on your spiritual self
Communication Channel Continuum
1. F+F (1 on 1) RICH
2. F+F (group)
3. Live video
4. YouTube
5. Phone
6. Interactive email
7. Noninteractive email
8. Fax
9. Personal letter
10. Memo
11. Flyer
communibiological approach
perspective that suggests that genetic and biological influences play a major role in influencing communication behavior
social learning theory
a theory that suggests people can learn behavior that helps them adapt and adjust their behavior toward others
willingness to communicate
a behavioral trait that describes a person's comfortableness with and likelihood of initiating communication with other people
shyness
a behavioral tendency not to talk or interact with others
communication apprehension
the fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with another or others
self-esteem
your evaluation of your worth or value based on your perception of such things as your skills, abilities, talents, and appearance
self-efficacy
a person's belief in his or her ability to perform a specific task in a particular situation
social comparison
process of comparing yourself to others who are similar to you, to measure your worth and value
life position
feelings of regard for self and others, as reflected in one's sense of worth and self-esteem
face
a person's positive perception of himself or herself in interactions with others
facework
using communication to maintain your own positive self-perception or to support, reinforce, or challenge someone else's self-perception
positive face
an image of yourself that will be perceived as positive by others
preventative facework
efforts to maintain and enhance one's positive self-perceptions
corrective facework
efforts to correct what one perceives as a negative perception of oneself on the part of others
face-threatening act
communication that undermines or challenges someone's positive face
politeness theory
theory that people have positive perceptions of others who treat them politely and respectfully
Strategies for improving self-esteem
1. engage in self-talk
2. visualize a positive image of yourself
3. avoid comparing yourself with others
4. reframe appropriately
5. develop honest relationships
6. let go of the past
7. seek support
symbolic interaction theory
theory that people make sense of the world based on their interpretation of words or symbols used by others
self-fulfilling prophecy
prediction about future actions that is likely to come true because the person believes that it will come true
responsiveness
tendency to be sensitive to the needs of others, including being sympathetic to others' feelings and placing the feelings of others above one's own feelings
assertiveness
tendency to make requests, ask for information, and generally pursue one's own rights and best interests
3 Primary social needs
Inclusion
Control
Affection
self-disclosure
purposefully providing information about yourself to others that they would not learn if you did not tell them
self-awareness
a person's conscious understanding of who he or she is
Johari Window Model
-Open: known to self and known to others
-Blind: not known to self but known to others
-Hidden: known to self but not known to others
-Unknown: not known to self or others
communication social style
an identifiable way of habitually communicating with others
3 Stages of Perception
1. Selecting
2. Organizing
3. Interpreting
selective perception
process of seeing, hearing, or making sense of the world around us based on such factors as our personality, beliefs, attitudes, hopes, fears, and culture, as well as what we like and don't like
selective attention
process of focusing on specific stimuli, locking on to some things in the environment and ignoring others
selective exposure
tendency to put ourselves in situations that reinforce our attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors
selective recall
process that occurs when we remember things we want to remember and forget or repress things that are unpleasant, uncomfortable, or unimportant to us
Thin Slicing
observing a small sample of someone's behavior and then making a generalization about what the person is like
cognitive schema
a mental framework used to organize and categorize human experiences
superimpose
to place a familiar structure on information you select
punctuation
process of making sense out of stimuli by grouping, dividing, organizing, separating, and categorizing information
closure
process of filling in missing information or gaps in what we perceive
halo effect
attributing a variety of positive qualities to those you like
horn effect
attributing a variety of negative qualities to those you dislike
recency effect
tendency to attend to the most recent information observed about another person in order to form or modify an impression
primary effect
tendency to attend to the first pieces of information observed about another person in order to form an impression
social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE)
theory that people are more likely to stereotype others with whom they interact online, because such interactions provide fewer relationship cues and the cues take longer to emerge than they would in face-to-face interactions
fundamental attribution error
error that arises from attributing another person's behavior to internal, controllable causes rather than to external, uncontrollable causes
self-serving bias
tendency to perceive our own behavior as more positive than others' behavior
enculturation
the process of transmitting a group's culture from one generation to the next
Acculturation
the process of transmitting a host culture's values, ideas, and beliefs to someone from outside that culture
7 dimensions of how culture is expressed
1. Individual/Collectivist
2. High/Low Context
3. Masculine/Feminine
4. Centralized/Decentralized Power
5. Short Term/Long Term orientation of Time
6. High/Low Tolerance for Uncertainty
7. Self-Restrained or Indulgent form of Happiness
Sets with similar terms