DNA Replication

DNA Replication
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Terms in this set (37)
DNA Replication
the process of making 2 identical daughter strands from a parental strand of DNA
First Step of DNA Replication
DNA uncoils/unwinds
Second Step of DNA Replication
DNA Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds and "unzips" the DNA
DNA Helicase
Enzyme incharge of "unzipping" hydrogen bonds in DNA
Third Step of DNA Replication
DNA Polymerase moves along the DNA strands attaching free floating nucleotides to the open strands
Fourth Step of DNA Replication
DNA "rezips" and "recoils"
Structure of DNA
Long Double Helix, made of Nucleotides
Structure of RNA
Short, Single Strand, made of nucleotides
Type of Sugar in DNA
Deoxyribose
Type of Sugar in RNA
Ribose
Base-Pairs that make up DNAAdenine and Thynine; Guanine and CytozineBase-Pairs that make up RNAAdenine and Uracil; Guanine and CytozineLocation of DNA in the CellNucleusLocation of RNA in the CellNucleus and CytoplasmmRNAmessenger; RNA code that is made based off of the DNAtRNAtransfer; brings amino acids to the mRNArRNAribosomal; makes up the ribosomal structure that holds the tRNA and mRNACodonSet of three bases found on mRNA that match for a specific amino acidTranscriptionCreating mRNA from DNA in the nucleusFirst Step of TranscriptionDNA double helix will "unzip" at the needed geneSecond Step of TranscriptionRNA Polymerase matched the Free Floating nucleotides to create the mRNARNA Polymerasematches free floating nucleotides to create mRNAThird Step of TranscriptionDNA zips up and mRNA leaves the nucleusTranslation"reading" the mRNA to chain together amino acidsFirst step of TranslationRibosome (rRNA) attaches to the mRNASecond Step of TranslationFree floating tRNA attaches to the the start codonThird Step of TranslationmRNA slides over to the next codon and a new tRNA arrivesFourth Step of TranslationUsed tRNA leaves and a new tRNA arrivesFifth Step TranslationThe stop codon arrives; protein is released; the mRNA dissolves into free floating nucleotidesTwo Causes of MutationsReplication errors and MutigensSingle Base SubstitutionReplication error where one base is changed in the DNA sequenceMissenseSingle Base Substitution; change in a single base the results in a new amino acidNonsenseSingle Base Substitution; changes a codon into a stop codonSilentSingle Base Substitution; changes a single base, but a new amino acid is not formedFrameshiftReplication error where one base is added or taken away, therefore changing the following order of the bases.InsertionFrameshift mutation where a base is addedDeletionFrameshift mutation where a base is deleted/taken away