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Science; Earth Science

Terms in this set (100)

crust
mantles
outer core
inner core
4 layers of earth
outer core
only liquid layer of earth
crust
outermost layer of earth
continental crust
oceanic crust
two parts of crust
continental crust
makes up the continent
40 to 70 km thick
the thickness of continental crust
aluminum silicates
the continental crust is made up of light granitic rocks made up of mostly ________
oceanic crust
underlies the ocean floor
5 km thick
the thickness of oceanic crust
magnesium silicate
the oceanic crust is composed of dense basaltic rocks made up of_____
mantle
semi solid , rocky , and very hot layer
2900 km thick
the thickness of mantle
80%
how many percent does the mantle makes up the earth
ferro magnesium silicate rocks
mantle is composed of these rocks
900 degrees celsius
the top layer temperature of mantle
1000 degrees celsius to 3,700 degrees celsius
as goes deeper in mantle , the temperature increases from __________
lithosphere
a rigid layer that can break under stress
tectonic plates
major and minor blocks in the lithosphere
tectonic plates
the lithosphere is composed of these plates
asthenosphere
contains hot molten rocks or magma
180 km
the thickness of asthenosphere
convection currents
a heat energy traveling upward from the hot lower mantle to the cooler upper mantle
convection currents
tend to move a fluid or gas particles from one place to another
molten nickel and iron
liquid outer core is composed of ________
2270 km thick
the thickness of outer core
3,700 degrees celsius to 4300 degree celsius
temperature in the outer core
inner core
composed mostly of solid iron
1220 km thick
the thickness of inner core
6,000 degrees celsius
the temperature is a mated recently of the inner core
mohorovicic discontinuity
interface between the crust and the upper mantle
Gutenberg discontinuity
boundary between the lower mantle and the outer core
lehmann discontinuity
located between the liquid outer core and solid inner core
seismometers
instrument that respond to ground motions such as caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and explosions
seismometer
the highly sensitive instrument that can detect seismic waves
seismograph
this is where the seismic waves recorded; measures vertical earth motion
body waves and surface waves
two types of seismic waves
p waves
s waves
two types of body waves
primary waves or p waves
face to be felt on earth's surface
p waves
speed at 1.5 and 8 km per second
compressional wave
this is the waves of p waves that have same direction of waves
solid and liquid sections
p waves pass through these sections
secondary waves or s waves
are felt in up and down motion
secondary wave or s waves
speed at 60 to 70% and more slowly
transverse waves
this is the waves of secondary waves that has perpendicular to the direction of waves
solid
this is where the sections that the s waves travel only
surface waves
waves that travels only on the surface
pangea
a single landmass or supercontinent
pan and gaea
this is the greek words that means "all" and "earth"
all of the earth or all lands
this is the literally translate the word of pangaea
panthalassa
a vast sea or super ocean
all seas
panthalassa means____
contraction theory
theory that says where the earth cooled after its formation , it's just contracted and wrinkled , when is wrinkles being the a mountain ranges and earth surface
contraction theory
uri at assume that all other features on earth performed during single cooling event and the earth was relatively is static
Eduard Suess
he is an austrian geologist proposed the contraction theory
Eduard Suess
he use an analogy between the wrinkles on the surface of a dried shrunken fruit and the mountains on the surface of a cooling earth
shrunken fruit
fruit in the contraction theory where the earth compared
Alfred Wegener 1912
he proposed the theory of continental drift
theory of continental drift
the theory that asserted that there once existed a single large landmass or supercontinent he called pangea
false
true or false
there are three observations that support on theory of continental drift
true
true or false
rocks and fossils the coastline across ocean have the same age as sequence based on a continental drift theory
south america and africa
these are the two coastlne that been use in the observations of continental drift theory
true
true or false
similarities of plant and animal fossils in south america and south africa are proved in theory of continental drift
gondwana and laurasia
the 2 smaller supercontinent that comes from pangaea
gondwana
smaller supercontinents that consists of:
africa
antarctica
south america
australia
sub-continent of india
Laurasia
smaller supercontinents that consists of
asia
north america
europe
Eduard Suess
he was an austrian geologist in mid 1800s that hypothesize the gondwana
laurasia
this is the precursor of gondwana
Alexander Du Toit
he is an south african geologist that coined the Laurasia
seafloor spreading theory
theory that says the seafloor ocean--not the continents---move and carry the continents along
Harry Hess
he was the american geologist the proposed the seafloor spreading theory
theory of plate tectonics
the theory that incorporates the continental drift theory and seafloor spreading theory
plates
the earth lithosphere is composed of many independent massive slab solid rocks called
plates
float on an inner pliable mantle
convection currents
the radioactive decay underneath earth
15
at present , how many major tectonic plates
7
at present , how many primary plates
8
at present how many secondary smaller plates
7 primary plate ate secondary smaller plates
the 15 major tectonic plates is apart into the_____
eurasian plate
australian plate
pacific plate
north american plate
south american plate
african plate
antarctic plate
7 primary plates
A A A P E N S
juan de fuca plate
nazca plate
cocos plate
caribbean plate
philippine sea plate
arabian plate
indian plate
scotia plate
8 secondary smaller plates
C C J P A I N S
christopher scotese
the professor and geologist from the university of texas at arlington
christopher scotese
he predicts that the continents will reformed into a supercontinent
pangea ultima
it means "the last pangea"
pangea proxima
it means "the next pangea"
2.5 cm per year
the measurements of the plates on earth crust that continually move
driving forces
push tectonic plates toward one another or pull them apart
slab pull
mantle convection
slab suction
ridge push
the four types of driving forces
mantle convection
also called as convection currents that caused by the rising from the core are the mantle
mantle convection
drives the plate away from one another
slab pull
happens when the rest of the plate to which is slab is attached to pulled as well
slab suction
occurs between the two colliding plates whereby convection currents in the upper mantle suck plates down
ridge push
happens when the lithosphere is pushed by the asthenosphere because convection currents in the mantle
ridge push
happens when the gravity pushes the plate down the rich and a new crust is formed
resisting forces
against the driving forces of plate tectonics
slab resistance
collisional resistance
transform fault resistance
drag force
the four types of resisting forces
slab resistance
resist all the forces associated with plate movement in subduction zones
collisional resistance
occurs when a heavy plate is formed into the mantle buttresses subtraction because of friction
collisional resistance
opposes the slap pull
transform fault resistance
happens when fictional force due to the opposing movement of plates moving past one another between two spreading centers
drag force
resist movement of lithospheric plates
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