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Dna

Terms in this set (25)

Is biotech a new stidy
No, it's 10,000 yrs old
What is bio technology? What are some examples
The study and manipulation of living things to improve lives.

Medication, Gmo
What is biomimicry? What are examples
The copy of some thing to be helpful to humans

Vulture wings, human eardrum
What is the function of DNA
Carries proteins for genetic instructions
What is the function of mRNA
Brings DNA code from nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm for proteins synthesis
What is the function of rRNA
Makes up part of the ribosome where protein synthesis happens
What is the function of tRNA
Brings amino acids to the ribosome's to make proteins
List three functions of proteins
Catalyst - enzymes speed up
Transport molecules - hemoglobin carries oxygen to cells
Structural components - skin, hair, nails
What are the four bases of the DNA? In RNA?
DNA: A-T, C-G
RNA: A-U, C-G
How many rings to purines have; what are purines?
Two, AG
How many rings do pyrimidines have; what are the pyrimidines?
One, CUT
What are the three parts of a nucleotide
sugar, phosphate, base
What is the name of the sugar found a DNA, In RNA?
Deoxyribose and ribose
What are the three major differences between DNA and RNA
DNA is double-stranded,can't leave the nucleus and has deoxyribose

RNA is single-stranded can leave the nucleus and it has ribose
What type of Bond joins together the strands of DNA
Hydrogen
How many bonds between a and t? Between c and g?
Two, three
What are the products of transcription? Where does it take place?
DNA-mRNA, nucleus
What is RNA polymerase and what does it do?
The enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds in attaches to the correct nucleotides to build mRNA
What are the products a translation and where does it take place?
Amino acids chain, polypeptide, protein on mRNA code and takes place in ribosomes in cytoplasm
What type of bonds link amino acids together
peptide bonds
What are two broad categories of mutations and what of each of them affect
Gene - affect individual genes
Chromosomal - affects larger sections of DNA
Describe what happens in point mutation. What is another name for point mutation ?
One letter gets changed, substitution
Describe what happens in a frameshift mutation. What is another name for frameshift
Multiple letters gets changed, insertion or deletion or addition
What are three general outcomes of mutations
Positive negative neutral
What are two disorders that result for mutations that were discussed in class?
Cystic fibrosis and sickle cell
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