Lands of Hope and Promise: A History of North America: Chapter 4

Term
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What part did John Cabot play in bringing English to America, and what did he establish there?
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Terms in this set (10)
What part did John Cabot play in bringing English to America, and what did he establish there?
John Cabot convinced the English merchants that they could find a passage to the Indies by sailing west. They sent ships out to find the islands, but always without success. Then, in 1492, came news of Columbus' discovery. The merchants and Cabot decided to forgo searching for the islands and, like Columbus, head directly to the Indies.

King Henry was quite stingy, having just come out of a long civil war so, when he approved Cabot's plan, he stipulated that Cabot had to finance the trip himself. Cabot sailed to the northwest and landed on the northernmost point of Cape Breton Island. However, he found no evidence of Asian civilization or gold. (all the locals could offer him were furs) Cabot sent back for England.

The King then sent him back out again, this time the King even advanced money to pay the members of the expedition. Despite only gibing Cabot 10lbs of silver for his previous journey.

We know little about the expedition. One of the ships in distress sailed into an Irish port: the other four were never heard from again. Most likely, Cabot died in the wreck of his ship.

Cabot had failed to find a route to China or India, but he had established for England a future claim to Canada and what would become the northeast United States. (p. 53-54)
What is King Henry VIII so famous for?
king of England who began the English Reformation. (p. 69)
What did Elizabeth I encourage that led Francis Drake's exploration?
Queen Elizabeth granted Drake a commission to continue his work raiding Spanish ships. Drake was a privateer, a "respectable pirate;" he harried ships with the queen's good pleasure. In 1572, he set sail for the West Indies in two small ships, both to serve Her Majesty and to make up for his own personal losses.

Drake was a terror - the Spanish called him El Draque, "the dragon." Though he did not murder, rape, and torture the inhabitants of Spanish settlements, as later pirates would do, he desecrated Catholic churches, stealing their precious vessels and destroying crucifies statues, and holy pictures.

Queen Elizabeth was so pleased with Drake's success on his pillaging of Spanish ships. she agreed to finance him in another expedition, this time, to circumnavigate the globe. (p.56)
Name two things that Walter Raleigh accomplished.
Raleigh planted the first potatoes and tobacco in the British isles and while his colonization schemes were failures, Sir Walter Raleigh did succeed in whipping up English interest in America. (p. 58-59)
What did the London Company achieve in America?
They managed to ensure John Smith served on the governing council. (p. 59-60)
What happened in the Virginia Colony to bring it into danger of failing?
The area was swampy and swamp fever killed many of the colonists. The Virginia Colony suffered attacks by the local Algonquin Indians, who tried to drive off the settlers by raiding their camps and stealing gunpowder, pistols, and other supplies. The colonists also contributed to their own hardships as well over half of them thought of themselves as too good to work and do hard labor. (p.60)
Who saved the Virginia Colony, and what did he do to save it?
It was John Smith who saved the Virginia Colony. He subjected the colonists to military discipline. He forced the lazy to work in the fields and to build new storage barns. Smith also at first created good relations between the Indians and the English. (p. 61)
What did the patroon system establish in America?
The patroon system established patrons in American. A patroon was a man whom the Dutch government granted land if he could fund the passage of 50 colonists to New Netherlands. The patroon received all rights to the plants, minerals, and springs within his land grant. It did not include Indians as labors since they were unnecessary as they were promised to be supplied with as many blacks' as they could need. However, many patroons favorited white laborers such as "indentured servants." (p.64-65)

The patroon system brought French and Spanish colonists to Americaand led to the establishment of the New Netherlands
Who were the "Saints," and why did they leave England?
The Saints belonged to a larger movement in Protestantism called Puritanism. While other other Puritans remained within in Church of England and tried to reform it by "purifying" it of all "papistical" (that is catholic) practices, the Saints believed they could only follow their pure doctrines and practices outside the established church of England.

At that time, all Englishman were required to belong to the Church of England. Anyone who refused to worship, and especially anymore who set up a rival church suffered punishments.

And for fear of persecution, the Saints could not remain in England for long thus they left. (p. 65-66)
What was the "Mayflower Compact" and why is it important to law and government in America?
The Mayflower Compact allowed adult males, except those who were servants or hired men, to establish a government without the explicit permission of the king. This compact became the precursors of what would be characteristic of government in English America. Unlike the old European nations that were governed more by tradition and custom, English America states would be governed by written laws that were seen as covenants or contracts the people made between themselves and their government. (p. 67)