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Digestive Exam Review MED 151

Terms in this set (71)

Absence of hydrochloric acid & gastric juices.

Enzyme in saliva, aids in digestion of carbs.

Abnormal passageway in skin surface near anus, connecting with rectum(abcess).

Lack of appetite.

Loss of ability to swallow, organic or psychologic causes.

Belongs to lymph system, no known role in digestive system.

Abnormal accumulation of fluid w/in peritoneal cavity, large amounts of protein & electrolytes.

Produced in liver, helps break down fats before digestion into small intestine, yellowish-green in color.

Orange-yellow pigment formed from breakdown of hempglobin in RBC"s at their life spand's end. Responsible for color of feces.

Ball-like mass of chewed food that's ready to be swallowed.

Audible abdominal sound from hyperactive intestinal peristalsis, rumbling, gurgling, noises.

Cholecystectomy

Surgical removal of gallbladder.

Liquid-like mixture of partially digested food & digestive secretions in stomach.

Causes injury to hepatocytes., chronic degenerative disease of the liver.

Surgical operation that creates an opening from colon to surface of the body to function as an anus.

Common bile duct

Duct formed by the joining of cystic & hepatic duct(just below them).

Difficulty in passing stools.

Crohn's disease

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin.

Duct that comes from gallbladder, of the gallbladder.

Deciduous teeth

1st set of teeth(baby teeth)primary teeth.

Process of swallowing.

cavaties, AKA tooth decay.

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools.

Process of altering chemical & physical composition of food.

Uncomfortable feeling of fullness, heartburn, bloating & nausea.

Difficulty in swallowing.

Excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition.

AKA vomit-expel contents of stomach thru esophagus & out of mouth.

Endocrine gland of Pancreas

Produces secretions/hormones directly into bloodstream(capillaries)
Insulin, glucagon

Burping-bringing up air from stomach w/sound out thru mouth.

Throat to stomach-cardiac sphincter receives food from pharynx-propels it into stomach.

Exocrine gland of pancreas

Makes digestive juices(trypsin-protein, lipase-fat, amylase-carbs, sodium bicarbonate-neutralizes acids) thru tiny ducts into pancreatic main duct.

n. Accumulation of gas in the stomach and bowels.

Concentrates & stores bile, pear-shaped, underside of liver.

Crystallized stones of bile that get lodged in the common bile duct.

Gastroesophageal reflux

Reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus.

Of or relating to the gums.

Permanently distended vein in distal rectum or anus.

Duct leading from liver to gallbladder.

Acute or chronic inflammation of liver.

Irregular protrusion of tissue, organ, or a portion of an organ thru abnormal break in cavity's muscular wall.

Yellow discoloration of skin, mucous membranes & sclera of eyes, increased amounts of bilirubin in blood. AKA Jaundice.

Second portion of small intestine where chemical digestion ends and absorption begins.

Large intestine

1st-cecum(appendix attached here),2nd-colon(longest portion, has 4 parts),3rd-rectum.

Enzyme in saliva, aids in digestion of fats.

Largest organ/gland in body, makes bile to break down fats; also filters poisons and drugs out of the blood.

Chewing, tearing, grinding food w/teeth, mixes w/saliva.

Abnormal, black, tarry stool, digested blood

AKA Buccal cavity or mouth.

Palate;Hard & Soft

Hard palate=forms anterior upper roof of mouth and is supported by bone.
Soft palate= posterior portion of upper roof of mouth, composed of skeletal muscle & connective tissue.

Elongated organ ULQ of abdomen, behind stomach, endocrine & exocrine gland. Secretes digestive enzymes, insulin, glucagon.

Coordinated, smooth muscle contraction that moves food down the digestive tract.

Permanent teeth

Full set of 32 teeth that replaces temp. or(baby) teeth.

Nasal, oral, laryngo. AKA throat, serves respiratory & digestive passageway.

Common chronic cond. of itching of skin around anus.

Continuous w/sigmoid colon connected to anus. Portion of large intestine.

Salivary glands

Submandibular, parotid, sublingual. Secretes saliva(amylase, lipase)

Small intestine

Longer in length than large intestine(20 ft). Duodenum, jejunum, Ileum.

Pyloric, duodenal, anal(intestinal tract)Circular band of muscle fibers.

Presence of greater than normal amounts of fat in feces which are frothy and foul smelling and floating.

Fundus=upper rounded portion, Body= central part. Contains hydrochloric acid & enzymes. Major organ in digestion.

Fungal infection of mouth and throat.

Muscle that aids in process of chewing & swallowing. Covered w/mucous membrane which contain papillae,taste buds.

Explain how food is altered during the digestive process before it enters the stomach.enzymes &structures.

Food enters mouth, chew/grind
Amylase/Lipase secreted, breakdown of carbs & fats
Food swallowed down throat (bolus)
Soft palate helps swallowing-blocks off pharynx

Explain changes food undergoes in stomach. What enzymes are involved? Name the sphincters at both ends of stomach and what part of small intestines it enters.

Cardiac sphincter, food becomes chyme
Hydrochloric acid added w/other juices, becomes watery
Pyloric sphincter
Duodenum

Name the parts of the small intestine & what specifically is taking place in each part.

Duodenum=Bile, amylase,lipase, trypsin & sodium bi-carb., breaking down foods
Jejunum, Ileum=nutrient absorption takes place

Pathway of digestion

Lips_Cheeks_Tongue_Salivary glands_Teeth_Pharynx_Esophagus_Stomach_small intestine_large intestine_rectum_anus

What problems might a Pt face if their soft palate was removed?

Talking, swallowing, taste altered,drooling.

Fat is broken down by what secretions?Where are the secretions produced? Stored & secreted to?

Lipase which is secreted thru salivary glands into mouth. The lipase is stored in bile which starts in liver, then gallbladder & into the duodenum.

Pancreas glands?

Endocrine(Insulin, glucagon) directly into bloodstream thru capillaries
Exocrine(Lipase, Amylase, Trypsin, Sodium bi-carb)Secretes reach epithelial surface directly or thru a duct.

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