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Digestive Exam Review MED 151
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Gravity
Exam at PPC college for S&F with Barbara F.
Terms in this set (71)
Achlorhydria
Absence of hydrochloric acid & gastric juices.
Amylase
Enzyme in saliva, aids in digestion of carbs.
Anal Fistula
Abnormal passageway in skin surface near anus, connecting with rectum(abcess).
Anorexia
Lack of appetite.
Aphagia
Loss of ability to swallow, organic or psychologic causes.
Appendix
Belongs to lymph system, no known role in digestive system.
Ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid w/in peritoneal cavity, large amounts of protein & electrolytes.
Bile
Produced in liver, helps break down fats before digestion into small intestine, yellowish-green in color.
Bilirubin
Orange-yellow pigment formed from breakdown of hempglobin in RBC"s at their life spand's end. Responsible for color of feces.
Bolus
Ball-like mass of chewed food that's ready to be swallowed.
Borborygmus
Audible abdominal sound from hyperactive intestinal peristalsis, rumbling, gurgling, noises.
Cholecystectomy
Surgical removal of gallbladder.
Chyme
Liquid-like mixture of partially digested food & digestive secretions in stomach.
Cirrhosis
Causes injury to hepatocytes., chronic degenerative disease of the liver.
Colostomy
Surgical operation that creates an opening from colon to surface of the body to function as an anus.
Common bile duct
Duct formed by the joining of cystic & hepatic duct(just below them).
Constipation
Difficulty in passing stools.
Crohn's disease
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin.
Cystic duct
Duct that comes from gallbladder, of the gallbladder.
Deciduous teeth
1st set of teeth(baby teeth)primary teeth.
Deglutition
Process of swallowing.
Dental caries
cavaties, AKA tooth decay.
Diarrhea
Frequent passage of loose, watery stools.
Digestion
Process of altering chemical & physical composition of food.
Dyspepsia
Uncomfortable feeling of fullness, heartburn, bloating & nausea.
Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing.
Emaciation
Excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition.
Emesis
AKA vomit-expel contents of stomach thru esophagus & out of mouth.
Endocrine gland of Pancreas
Produces secretions/hormones directly into bloodstream(capillaries)
Insulin, glucagon
Eructiation
Burping-bringing up air from stomach w/sound out thru mouth.
Esophagus
Throat to stomach-cardiac sphincter receives food from pharynx-propels it into stomach.
Exocrine gland of pancreas
Makes digestive juices(trypsin-protein, lipase-fat, amylase-carbs, sodium bicarbonate-neutralizes acids) thru tiny ducts into pancreatic main duct.
Flatulence
n. Accumulation of gas in the stomach and bowels.
Gallbladder
Concentrates & stores bile, pear-shaped, underside of liver.
Gallstones
Crystallized stones of bile that get lodged in the common bile duct.
Gastroesophageal reflux
Reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus.
Gingival
Of or relating to the gums.
Hemorrhoids
Permanently distended vein in distal rectum or anus.
Hepatic duct
Duct leading from liver to gallbladder.
Hepatitis
Acute or chronic inflammation of liver.
Hepatocytes
Liver cells.
Hernia
Irregular protrusion of tissue, organ, or a portion of an organ thru abnormal break in cavity's muscular wall.
Icterus
Yellow discoloration of skin, mucous membranes & sclera of eyes, increased amounts of bilirubin in blood. AKA Jaundice.
Jejunum
Second portion of small intestine where chemical digestion ends and absorption begins.
Large intestine
1st-cecum(appendix attached here),2nd-colon(longest portion, has 4 parts),3rd-rectum.
Lipase
Enzyme in saliva, aids in digestion of fats.
Liver
Largest organ/gland in body, makes bile to break down fats; also filters poisons and drugs out of the blood.
Mastication
Chewing, tearing, grinding food w/teeth, mixes w/saliva.
Melena
Abnormal, black, tarry stool, digested blood
Oral cavity
AKA Buccal cavity or mouth.
Palate;Hard & Soft
Hard palate=forms anterior upper roof of mouth and is supported by bone.
Soft palate= posterior portion of upper roof of mouth, composed of skeletal muscle & connective tissue.
Pancreas
Elongated organ ULQ of abdomen, behind stomach, endocrine & exocrine gland. Secretes digestive enzymes, insulin, glucagon.
Peristalsis
Coordinated, smooth muscle contraction that moves food down the digestive tract.
Permanent teeth
Full set of 32 teeth that replaces temp. or(baby) teeth.
Pharynx
Nasal, oral, laryngo. AKA throat, serves respiratory & digestive passageway.
Pruitus ani
Common chronic cond. of itching of skin around anus.
Rectum
Continuous w/sigmoid colon connected to anus. Portion of large intestine.
Salivary glands
Submandibular, parotid, sublingual. Secretes saliva(amylase, lipase)
Small intestine
Longer in length than large intestine(20 ft). Duodenum, jejunum, Ileum.
Sphincter
Pyloric, duodenal, anal(intestinal tract)Circular band of muscle fibers.
Steatorrhea
Presence of greater than normal amounts of fat in feces which are frothy and foul smelling and floating.
Stomach
Fundus=upper rounded portion, Body= central part. Contains hydrochloric acid & enzymes. Major organ in digestion.
Thrush
Fungal infection of mouth and throat.
Tongue
Muscle that aids in process of chewing & swallowing. Covered w/mucous membrane which contain papillae,taste buds.
Explain how food is altered during the digestive process before it enters the stomach.enzymes &structures.
Food enters mouth, chew/grind
Amylase/Lipase secreted, breakdown of carbs & fats
Food swallowed down throat (bolus)
Soft palate helps swallowing-blocks off pharynx
Explain changes food undergoes in stomach. What enzymes are involved? Name the sphincters at both ends of stomach and what part of small intestines it enters.
Cardiac sphincter, food becomes chyme
Hydrochloric acid added w/other juices, becomes watery
Pyloric sphincter
Duodenum
Name the parts of the small intestine & what specifically is taking place in each part.
Duodenum=Bile, amylase,lipase, trypsin & sodium bi-carb., breaking down foods
Jejunum, Ileum=nutrient absorption takes place
Pathway of digestion
Lips_Cheeks_Tongue_Salivary glands_Teeth_Pharynx_Esophagus_Stomach_small intestine_large intestine_rectum_anus
What problems might a Pt face if their soft palate was removed?
Talking, swallowing, taste altered,drooling.
Fat is broken down by what secretions?Where are the secretions produced? Stored & secreted to?
Lipase which is secreted thru salivary glands into mouth. The lipase is stored in bile which starts in liver, then gallbladder & into the duodenum.
Pancreas glands?
Endocrine(Insulin, glucagon) directly into bloodstream thru capillaries
Exocrine(Lipase, Amylase, Trypsin, Sodium bi-carb)Secretes reach epithelial surface directly or thru a duct.
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