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Fall 2020 Peds Quiz Questions

Terms in this set (60)

A child with a specific learning disability can also experience impairments that are associated with the learning disability. Which impairments can be associated with a learning disability?
Memory Impairment
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Executive Function Impairment
Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
*All of the above*
The most common etiological factor of ADHD is which of the following?
Genetics
Chloe is a 9 year old girl who is in fourth grade who has ADHD. Chloe often fidgets with her hands and feet during class. She also frequently squirms in her seat. Chloe talks excessively in the classroom, at lunch, and at recess. Chloe's behavior can be described as which of the following attention behaviors?
Hyperactivity
Tommy is a 12 year old seventh grade student who has difficulty with written expression (handwriting) during his classes. Which remedial and instructional technique would be helpful to Tommy?
Handwriting Without Tears writing program
Individuals with a SLD often have poor long-term outcomes. True or false?
False
Early presentation of a specific math disability includes which of the following?
Difficulty with recalling and computing basic math facts
Johnny is a 7 year old boy who is in second grade. He has recently been diagnosed with the most commonly diagnosed form of ADHD. Throughout a school day, he experiences social impairment, increased internalizing (anxiety), and externalizing disorders (defiance). Lastly, Johnny has demonstrated academic underachievement. What form of ADHD (the most common) was Johnny recently diagnosed with?
ADHD combined type (ADHD-C)
Grace, an 8 year old girl in third grade, often interrupts or intrudes on others during group work and recess. Also, when she is playing a game with others, she has difficulty waiting for her turn. Grace's behavior is can be considered which of the following?
Impulsivity
When a learning disability is suspected, a psychoeducational evaluation identifying a student's strengths and areas of difficulty should occur. True or false?
True
Young adults with ADHD may have fewer friendships and more social problems. True or false?
True
Children who are taking medication to manage symptoms of ADHD can experience which of the following adverse effects?
Decreased appetite
Headaches
Stomachaches
Sleep problems
*All of the above*
The overall dropout rate of students with specific learning disabilities is two times the rate when compared to the general population. Which of the following statements best explains why this is?
Students with a SLD become frustrated and anxious when they attempt to meet task demands in school leading to poor self-image and withdrawal from school tasks.
Johnny's mother has set up a meeting with the special education director to see if Johnny's diagnosis of ADHD would qualify him for an IEP. According to the DESE (formerly DOE) categories of disabilities, which disability category would ADHD be included under?
Health
Which approach has been a favorable method for identifying students with specific learning disabilities (SLD)?
Response to intervention (RTI)
Zachary, a tenth grade high school student, frequently becomes unorganized at school, as he continuously loses track of his books when he is switching from one class to another. What compensation accommodation would be beneficial for Zachary?
Allowing Zachary to leave his books in the classroom (i.e. science book in science class, math book in math class)
Maintaining self-esteem and social cognition is not important in preventing poor mental health outcomes in children with a SLD. True or false?
False
According to the Batshaw text, how many children with ADHD will have a coexisting disorder?
More than half
Which of the following forms of a learning disability is the most common?
Dyslexia (specific reading disability-SRD)
A school age child with ADHD may have difficulty with which of the following skills utilized in school?
Verbal memory
Listening comprehension
Organization of verbal and written output
*All of the above*
Bailey is a 10 year old fifth grade student who has a specific learning disability (SLD). In addition to her SLD, Bailey has difficulty utilizing self-regulatory strategies when she becomes frustrated in class. She also demonstrates difficulty with problem-solving and attending to tasks. Which associated impairment does Bailey experience?
Executive Function Impairment
In the posted article by Paris & Murray-Slutsky, the authors acknowledge specialized training is needed in the use of the treatment strategies, NDT and SI, particularly when working with a significantly neurologically involved patient. The way these authors describe use of the two frames of reference in treatment, is most similar to which of the "applications of frames of reference" which was reviewed in class lecture last week and described in the Kramer & Hinojosa text?
Frames of reference in parallel
What type of intervention approach is being used when the therapist recommends a zipper pull to allow a child with cerebral palsy to put on his own coat?
Adaptive
What is not considered an essential feature of constraint induced movement therapy for children with cerebral palsy?
Three children per group
Which of the following is considered a secondary impairment in children diagnosed with cerebral palsy?
Joint contracture
The posted reading by Paris & Murray-Slutsky describe the difficulty when trying to assess the degree of sensory processing difficulties in children with neuromotor challenges because most of the standardized test measures presume an intact or highly functioning neuromotor status. They recommend use of which of the following assessments to best identify the degree of sensory processing difficulties in children with neuromotor challenges?
Utilize careful observation skills and sound clinical judgments
What type of movement would you expect to see upon observation of a 4-year old girl with athetoid type cerebral palsy (CP)?
Large sudden fluctuations, "jerky" movements with poor midrange control
How do serial static splints lengthen tissues and correct deformity?
Application of gentle forces sustained for extended periods of time
According to Paris & Murray-Slutsky, both NDT and SI theories address motor output, but from very different perspectives. SI focuses on the output as a product of the sensory processing necessary to produce an adaptive motor response, while NDT focuses on the quality of motor output and the motor control produced by the individual. True or false?
True?
Which approach has the most evidence to support its use in occupational therapy for children with cerebral palsy?
Motor control
Which statement is true regarding the incidence of cerebral palsy?
1 in 500 births
Which postural reflex realigns the head with the body?
Righting
According to the medical record, Jenny had damage to her primary motor cortex during birth trauma. She has been receiving OT, PT, and SLP since birth. The therapist observed the following during the initial evaluation: Abnormal movements and atypical reflexes present (i.e. ATNR); Hypertonicity in her arms with spasticity greater in her right bicep, wrist flexors, and thumb adductor; Hypertonicity in her legs with spasticity greater in hip adductors, hamstrings, and gastroc/soleus; Delayed or absent righting and equilibrium responses. What type of cerebral palsy does Jenny have?
Spastic
Which type of medical intervention (medication) is used to reduce spasticity through an injection directly into the muscle?
Botox
Which of the following is a common compensatory strategy used by children with cerebral palsy while reaching and grasping?
Excessive trunk movements including trunk extension and lateral flexion
The client with cerebral palsy often shows signs of problems integrating sensory information in combination with a motor disorder. According to the posted reading by Paris & Murray-Slutsky this may be, in part, due to all of the following EXCEPT:
Parents who have not been educated to understand the importance of sensory input for enhanced motor output
As stated in the Paris & Murray-Slutsky article, the Bobaths believed it is important to incorporate sensory experiences into their NDT facilitation techniques. The sensory systems the NDT approach incorporates include:
Tactile
Proprioception
Vestibular
*All of the above*
None of the above
What is not a cause of cerebral palsy in children?
Socioeconomic status
What is a common scale used to determine the level of functional hand use in a child diagnosed with cerebral palsy?
Manual Ability Classification System (MACS)
Which type of movement disorder and distribution is most prevalent?
Spastic; Diplegic, legs>arms
Which statement best reflects why children with cerebral palsy may have speech and language problems?
Lesions affecting primary motor and temporal lobe
Individuals with a mild intellectual impairment are able to complete self-care tasks independently while individuals with severe-profound intellectual disability require daily supervision and assistance for self-care tasks. True or false?
True
According to Batshaw, chapter 15, since the 1970's, the prognosis for a productive and positive life experience for individuals with down syndrome (DS) has continued to improve, however, adults with DS who are 45 years of age and greater should be monitored for signs of Alzheimer's disease. True or false?
True
Which is the term for an atypical pattern of development identified in Batshaw, chapter 12, which refers to a "significant lag in the attainment of milestones in one or more areas of development" or milestones which "are attained in the typical sequence but at a slower rate."
Developmental delay
As identified in Batshaw, chapter 15, which is the most common chromosomal etiology of intellectual disability?
Down syndrome
Cognitive interventions originate from the fields of developmental and educational psychology. An important contributor to our understanding of cognitive development was the Russian psychologist, L.S. Vygotsky. As found in Case-Smith, chapter 10, Vygotsky identified which learning concept a child achieves through interaction with a more competent individual?
Zone of proximal development
According to Case-Smith, Chapter 10, research has shown that the CO-OP approach can only be used as an intervention for children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). True or false?
False
In Batshaw (2019), chapter 12 , a child identified with a significant lag in the attainment of milestones in one or more areas of development and/or milestones attained in typical sequence but at a slower rate and/or performance 1.5 to 2 standard deviations or below the norm is diagnosed with:
Developmental delay
Joshua, an 18 month old boy, was referred by his mother, Danielle, for an early intervention evaluation. The physical features of Joshua observed by the examining therapists included: low muscle tone, (appearing "floppy"), flat facial features with small nose; upward slant to the eyes, small, atypically shaped ears and a single deep crease across the center of his palm. Based on the description in Batshaw, chapter 15, which disorder would you suspect?
Down syndrome
Jonathan, an 18 month old boy, was referred by his pediatrician for an early intervention evaluation to determine if he qualified for early intervention services. During the evaluation, Jonathan's mother reported to the occupational therapist that when he was an infant he was floppy and had poor head control. She also reported he had little to no interest in his surrounding environment. Jonathan's mother also shared he did not smile until he was 5 months old. After the occupational therapist and team members evaluated Jonathan utilizing the Battelle Developmental Inventory, based on the the delays he presents with, team members determined Jonathan qualified for EI services. What is the diagnosis used for young children with developmental disabilities that would qualify Joathan for EI services?
Global Developmental Delay
As identified in Batshaw, chapter 15, which is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability?
Fragile X
What are the four primary objectives of the CO-OP approach described in Case-Smith, chapter 10?
(1) skill acquisition; (2) cognitive strategy use; (3) generalization; and (4) transfer of learning
As stated in Case-Smith, chapter 10, cognitive interventions are useful interventions for pediatric OTs to use with children with developmental disabilities to better support their occupational performance. These interventions focus on the development of cognitive strategies to accomplish a task. All of the following are common definitions in cognitive interventions (Table 10-1) except:
Test-retest
Chapter 12 in Batshaw, 2019, describes the diagnostic process in developmental medicine for identifying children with developmental disabilities to include:
Medical history
Developmental and behavioral history
Physical examination
*All of the above*
None of the above
According to Batshaw, chapter 15, the majority of males diagnosed with fragile X syndrome (FXS), will meet the criteria for mild to severe intellectual disability with an average IQ in adult males of 40-50 with an age equivalent "mental age" of 5-6 years. True or false?
True
A developmental disorder described in Batshaw, chapter 15 has variable physical features which may include prominent ears, macrocephaly, long face, prominent jaw and forehead and hyper extensible joints. Developmental delays are usually the first sign of this disorder including mild motor delays and more significant speech delays. Additionally hyperactivity, an overreaction to sensory input, attention disorders and sometimes aggression and self injurious behavior are commonly seen in children with which of the following disorders?
Fragile X
The diagnostic process used in developmental medicine reviewed by Batshaw (2019), chapter 12, includes all of the following except:
Extensive blood work
According to Batshaw, chapter 15, about one third to two thirds of males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) meet the criteria for autism spectrum disorder. True or false?
True
When using the CO-OP approach (Case-Smith, chapter 10) to teach a child how to tie his or her shoelaces, using the term "bunny ears" is what kind of domain specific strategy (DSS)?
Verbal motor mnemonic
Case-Smith, chapter 10, the two cognitive approaches currently used in pediatric OT practice are identified as:
Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance and Cognitive Behavior Therapy
According to Batshaw, chapter 15, children with down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk of abnormalities in almost every organ system causing possible medical complications including which of the following:
Constructive sleep apnea and airway concerns
Hearing and vision problems
Congenital hear defects
Orthopedic problems
*All of the above*
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