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Biochem Chapter 10

Terms in this set (69)

central dogma
theory that states: in cells information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins
the duplication process of DNA is called
replication
the production of RNA on DNA template is called
transcription
the process by which an mRNA base seq directs the amino acid sequence of a protein is called
translation
the flow of genetic info is RNA --> DNA in
retroviruses
what is the requirement for a template strand in DNA replication?
it serves as a guide in determining the next nucleotide to be added according to the Watson-Crick base pairing scheme
the ordinary flow of genetic info is:
replication then transciption then translation
semiconservative replication implies that
each of the new double stranded DNA molecules contains one of the original intact strands and one completely new strand
Who discovered the semi-conservative method?
Meselson & Stahl
General mechanism of DNA synthesis:
one strand is made 5'3 while the other stand is made 3'5 in short discontinuous segments.
strands become separated during synthesis.
synthesis occurs in both directions from starting site.
synthesis of DNA is very accurate
since DNA synthesis is bidirectional from the origin, the number of new strands are being made simultaneously in E.coli is:
4
How do origins of replication differ in eukaryotes & prokaryotes?
euks have several origins, while proks usually have 1
semiconservative replication of DNA was established experimentally by
density-gradient centrifugation
the direction of synthesis of DNA is
5' to 3' on both strands
Important processes in the synthesis of new DNA are:
proofreading & repair
unwinding the double helix
protection of single-stranded regions from nuclease action
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