chapter 24 - digestive system

the chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments that can be absorbed by the digestive epithelium is __________.

ingestion
mechanical processing
secretion
digestion
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the chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments that can be absorbed by the digestive epithelium is __________.

ingestion
mechanical processing
secretion
digestion
digestion
which layer of the digestive tract is responsible for peristalsis and segmentation?

submucosa
serosa
mucosa
muscularis externa
mascularis externa
in the oral cavity, the digestive enzyme _____ is found in saliva and begins the digestion of ________

trypsin; proteins
pepsin; proteins
lipase; proteins
amylase; starch
amylase; starch
Which oral structure(s) is (are) responsible for manipulating food to assist in chewing and in the production of the enzyme lipase?

labia
soft palate
tongue
gingival sulcus
tongue
Which type of tooth is responsible for clipping and cutting?

bicuspid
molar
cuspid
incisor
incisor
Which regions of the pharynx serve as passageways for food on its way to the esophagus?

oropharynx only
nasopharynx and oropharynx
oropharynx and laryngopharynx
laryngopharynx only
oropharynx snd laryngopharynx
which of the following is the term for swallowing?

absorption
mastication
digestion
deglutition
deglutition
the lowest portion of the stomach, which forms the sharp curve of the J shape of the stomach, is the __________.

fundus
cardia
body
pylorus
pylorus
which of the following phases of gastric activity is caused by the sight tase or though of food?

cephalic phase
intestinal phase
gastric phase
pharyngeal phase
cephalic phase
which of the following is not produced by the gastric glands in the stomach of an adult?

HCl
intrinsic factor
pepsinogen
rennin
rennin
which of the following is not a region of the small intestine? duodenum cecum jejunum ileumcecumthe numerous transverse folds in the small intestine that serve to increase the surface area for absorption are the ________ haustra rugae plicae circulares taenia coliplicae circulareswhat is the function of bile? to emulsify lipids to break down proteins to break down lipids to break down starchesto emulsify lipidsthe pancreas produces digestive enzymes that digest __________. nucleic acids and lipids only proteins only carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids lipids and carbohydrates onlycarbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acidsA small, slender structure that is attached to the large intestine and is dominated by lymphoid nodules is the __________. cecum ileum appendix taenia coliappendixThe reflex that occurs in the large intestine and promotes the movement of feces toward the anus is the __________. haustral reflex defecation reflex cephalic reflex micturition reflexdefecation reflexwhich of the following are not absorbed in the large intestine? organic wastes, such as urobilinogens water certain vitamins, such as vitamin K all of the aboveall of the listed substance are absorbed by the large intestinewhich of the following does not digest a carbohydrate? pancreatic lipase lactase pancreatic alpha- amylase sucrasepancreatic lipasewhich of the following does not digest a protein? nuclease trypsin enteropeptidase pepsinnucleasewhich of the following is not an effect of advancing age on the digestive system? increase in dental caries and gingivitis, resulting in loss of teeth increase in the rate of digestive system cancer increase in peptic ulcers stronger peristaltic contractions, resulting in diarrheastronger peristaltic contractions, resulting in diarrheawhich of the following is a function of the digestive tract? excretion ingestion absorption all of the aboveall of the abovefrom the outside in, the correct order of the layers of the digestive tract is ______ mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, externa, serosa submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis, externa muscularis, externa, serosa, submucosa, mucosa serosa, muscularis, externa, submucosa, mucosaserosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosathe movements of the muscularis externa are coordinated by the ______ symphatetic ganglia suprarenal glands myenteric plexus dorsal root gangliamyenteric plexusWaves of smooth muscle contraction that propel materials along the digestive tract are called __________. peristalsis plicae paralysis segmentationperistalsisthe mesentery that hangs like an apron from the lateral and inferior portion of the stomach is the _____ greater omentum mesentery proper falciform ligament lesser omentumgreater omentumwhich layer of the digestive tract contains large blood vessels, lymphatics, and a network of nerve fibers called the plexus of meissener? muscularis externa submucosa mucosa serosasubmucosathe lingual frenulum _______ may need to be out if the condition of ankyloglossia exists is a thin fold of mucous membrane connects the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity all of the aboveall of the aboveincisors are used for ______ grinding clipping or cutting tearing crushing and mashingclipping or cuttingwhich of the following statements is false concerning the teeth? a layer of a material called cementum covers the dentin of the root and attaches to the tooth to the periodontal ligament dentin, the material that makes up the enamel of the teeth, is a type of spongy bone, thus giving the tooth its hardness brushing you teeth and messaging your gums stimulate the growth of epithelial cells that attach to the tooth, thus promoting tooth attachment the bicuspids have flatted crowns with prominent ridges used for crushing food.dentin, the material that makes up the enamel of the teeth, is a type of spongy bone, thus giving the tooth its hardnesswhich salivary glands produce a thick serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase? sublingual glands parotid glands submandibular glands labial glandsparotid glandswhich type of tooth i conical with a pointed tip and is used for tearing and slashing? bicuspids cuspids molar incisorscuspidsthe mucosa and submucosa of the esophagus are folded ____ to allow the expansion of the esophagus during the passage. of a large bolus to allow for easy administration of drugs through the mucosa to make room for the three bands of muscle in the muscularis externa to suport the outer serosato allow the expansion of the esophagus during the passage of a large boluswhich of the following occurs during the pharyngeal phase of deglutition? the bolus passes through the lower esophageal sphincter the bolus is compressed agaisnt the hard palate, and retraction of the tongue forces the bolus into pharynx the larynx elevates, and the uvula and soft palate block the nasopharynx peristaltic waves move the bolus along the esophagusthe larynx elevates and the uvula and soft palate block the nasopharynxwhich of the following is a function of the stomach? production of instrinct factor both mechanical breakdown of food and production of instrinct factor emulsification of fats mechanical breakdown of foodboth mechanical breakdown of food and production of intrinsic factorchief cells secrete _______ instrinct factor pepsinogen hydrochloric acids none of the abovepepsinogenWhen the stomach is empty, the mucosa is thrown into folds called __________. plicae circulares taenia coli rugae cryptsrugaewhen you walk into a mexican restaurant and smell the savory aroma of fajitas, which phase of gastric activity is triggered? intestinal phase cephalic phase gastric phase none of the abovecephalic phasepeyer patches ______ are lymphoid nodules located in the ileum are lymph nodes located in the duodenum protect the large intestine from bacteria in the small intestine, which might pass through the ileocecal valve are lymphoid nodules located in the ileum and protect the large intestines from bacteria in the small intestines, which might pass through the ileocecal valveare lymphoid nodules located in the ileumThe wall of the small intestine bears a series of folds called the __________. taenia coli plicae circulars crypt of lieberkuhn rugaeplicae circularesthe duodenum from the rest of the small intestines in that its submucosa contains many _____ that secrete mucus myenteric plexus intestinal crypts mesenteries brunner glandsbrunner glandsthe gastroenteric reflex stimulates motility _______ along the sigmoid colon along the entire length of the small intestines along a few inches of the small intestine along a few feet of the small intestinesalong the entire length of the small intestinessympathetic stimulation _____ inhibits submucosal glands stimulates peristalsis stimulates submucosal glands none of the aboveinhibits submucosal glandsconcentrated crystals of minerals and salts in the gallbladder produce ______ calculi the condition called cholelithiasis the condition of gout none of the abovecondition called cholelithiasispancreatic juice is ____ is variable, depending on diet acidic alkaline neutralalkalinewhich of the following is not a function of the liver? immunologic regulation gile production hematologic regulation metabolic regulationimmunologic regulationliver cells, hepatocytes, receives blood from the ______ left gastric artery hepatic portal vein hepatic artery both of the hepatic artery and hepatic portal veinboth the hepatic artery and hepatic portal veinBile acts as __________. A. a remover of toxins B. an emulsifier C. an enzyme D. All of the abovean emulsifierwhich of the following products of digestion is not taken up by capillaries in the small intestine? minerals simple sugars amino acids chylomicronschylomicronswhich of the following is not a pancreatic enzyme? alpha-amylase pepsinogen nuclease lipasepepsinogenWhich of the following statements is false regarding the kupffer cells of the liver? kupffer cells have the ability to produce bile kupffer cells are fixed macrophages of the immune system kupffer cells have the ability to store heavy metals, such as tin and mercury. kupffer cells phagocytize the process foreign materials passing by them in the bloodstreamkupffer cells have the ability to produce bilePeyer patches are associated with which region of the intestine? duodenum jejunum ileum cecumileumtreatment for a morbidly obese man includes surgery to reduce the length of his intestine. which region of the small intestine should be removed to achieve greatest weight loss? jejunum ileum cecum duodenumjejunumthe defecation reflex _________. involves long and short reflexes and involves two positive feedback loops is entirely voluntary involves long and short reflexes involves two positive feedbackinvolves short reflexes and involves two positive feedback loopsthe large intestines absorbs which of. the following vitamins from colonic bacteria? vitamin K vitamin B5 or pantothenic acid biotin all of the aboveall of the aboveof the 1500 mL of material that enters the large intestines on a daily basis, approximately how much water in the material is reabsorbed? 200 mL 500 mL 1300 mL 1500 mL1300 mLwhich of the following occurs during the defecation reflex? sympathetic centers in the sacral cord triggers relaxation of the external anal sphincter stretch receptors in the rectal walls trigger reflex inhibition of peristalsis in the colon the inter anal sphincter is contracted. parasympathetic centers in the sacral region of the spinal cord stimulate mass movements.parasympathetic centers in the sacral region of the spinal cord stimulate mass movementsfat - soluble vitamins move across the intestinal mucosa by _______. contransport active transport facilitated diffusion diffusiondiffusionwhich of the following is not a brush border enzyme? maltase amylase lactase dipeptidaseamylasefatty acids and monoglycerides interact with the bile salts in chyme to form small, lipid bile salt complexes called _____ lipoproteins chylomicrons triglycerides micellesmicelleswhich of the following statements is false concerning aging and the digestive system? the rate of division of epithelial stem cells decreases. dehydration becomes less common as a result of the body's inability to effectively rid itself of water motility decreases, and peristaltic contractions become weaker rates of cancer in the colon and stomach increase because immune system activity decreasesdehydration becomes less common as a result of the body's inability to effectively rid itself of waterthe pharynx belongs to the respiratory and digestive systems. true or falsetrueCuspids are cutting or clipping teeth. true or falsefalseA drop in the pH of the chyme coming from the stomach triggers the release of CCK true or falsefalsethe haustra are formed by contraction of the taenia coli true or falsetruethe region of the tooth between the crown and the root is called the gingival sulcus true or falsefalse