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5th AP Human Geo, Chapter 11: Industry

Terms in this set (20)

break-of-bulk point
a location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another
bulk-gaining industry
an industry in which the final product weighs more and compromises greater volume than its input
bulk-reducing industry
an industry in which the final product weighs less and compromises less volume than its input
cottage industry
manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the industrial revolution
fordist production
a form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly
just-in-time delivery
shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed
labor-intensive industry
an industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses
maquiladora
a factory built by a U.S. company in Mexico near the U.S. border, to take advantage of of the much lower labor costs in Mexico
new international division of labor
transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less-skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries
outsourcing
a decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers
post-fordist production
adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks
remanufacturing
the rebuilding of a product to specifications of the original manufactured product using a combination of repaired, reused, and new parts
right-to-work law
a U.S. law that prevents a union of a company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join the union as a condition of employment
site factors
location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside a plant, such as land, labor, and capital
situation factors
location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory
vertical integration
an approach typical of traditional mass production in which a company controls all phases of a highly complex production process
Agglomeration
A process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities. The term often refers to manufacturing plants and businesses that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled-labor pools and technological and financial amenities.
Hotelling's Model
Asserts that an industry's locational choices are heavily influenced by the location of their chief competitors and related industries. In other words, industries do not make isolated decisions on locations without considering where other, related industries exist.

location of an industry cannot be understood without reference to other industries of the same kind.
Weber's Least Cost Theory
theory that described the optimal location of a manufacturing firm in relation to the cost of transportation, labor, and advantages through agglomeration
Offshoring
Moving operations from the country where a company is headquartered to a country where pay rates are lower but the necessary skills are available.
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