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Exam 2 Psych

Terms in this set (166)

Darien faints every time he gets an injection or must have blood drawn. He most likely suffers from
blood-injury-illness phobia and vasovagal syncope.
Donna, a 15-year-old, is most likely to experience distress
initiating/maintaining conversations
Which of the following scenarios correctly describes a situationally cued panic attack?
Barb is afraid of heights. She is interviewing for a new position next week, and the company's offices are on the 64th floor with large, panoramic windows. A few days before the interview she has a panic attack.
When she is 13 years old, Karen is most likely to be afraid of which of the following items?
personal injury
Which of the following scenarios correctly describe a situationally bound panic attack?
Bard is afraid of heights. She is interviewing for a new position, and the company's offices are on the 64th floor with large, panoramic windows When the time comes for her to step out of the elevator on to the 64th floor, she has a panic attack.
_____ is associated with more severe anxiety, an earlier age of onset, and more frequent history of childhood shyness.
Social anxiety disorder
Which of the following individuals most likely has a specific phobia?
Mike, the passenger who was supposed to be in seat 14C, but could not board the plane because he was worried that it was not fit to fly.
A patient with panic disorder without agoraphobia is most likely to be treated with
Prozac
Based on currently available data, _____ appear to be inherited.
different degrees of trait anxiety
Which of the following conclusions can be made about the etiology of anxiety disorders?
Regarding biochemical theories, strong evidence suggests serotonin plays a role in regulating emotion.
Which of the following is a concern about the use of SSRI's?
SSRI's may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts
Which of the following statements about OCD is true?
Some data suggest a lower prevalence among African Americans than white Americas.
Which of the following statements about social anxiety disorder is FALSE?
Children with social anxiety disorder show anxiety only when interacting with unfamiliar adults.
Based upon 30 years of study, compelling empirical evidence indicates that the most efficacious treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder is _____therapy.
BT and CBT
All of the following are true about separation anxiety disorder
girls are more likely to report separation fears than boys, many children recover from separation anxiety disorder within a short period of time, this disorder may not lead specifically to panic disorder, but may result in the onset of one of many different types of disorders.
Which of the following statements correctly defines the term anxiety?
Anxiety is a common emotion characterized by physical symptoms and thoughts or worries that something bad will happen.
Janie lives in Kansas and refused to purchase a house without a basement when she moved there from Illinois. Every night, she sleeps with a weather radio beside her bed as well as jeans folded over her tennis shoes in case the warning sirens go off. Kanie is most likely exhibiting ____ phobia.
Natural environment
____ treatment for anxiety disorders uses free association and dream interpretation.
Psychodynamic
Which of the following details a conditioning theory of fear acquisition?
Justin most likely developed his fear of tornadoes by watching his mother prepare for severe weather by checking the emergency kit, frequently searching the sky, and heading to the basement during severe thunderstorms even though the rest of the family remained upstairs.
Which of the following symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is known as numbing?
As Connor watches the 4th of July celebration, he does not feel joy, sadness or even surprise.
Which of the following scenarios represents the most common behavioral symptom of anxiety?
A commuter avoids high-speed roads and takes the rural route to work, increasing his commute time by thirty minutes even if it causes him to be late to work.
When heart rate is monitored during tests, ___, despite the fact that girls report more fears than boys. The latter reflects the influence of ____.
test-anxious boys and girls show equal increases; social acceptability
Anxiety is a _____ response.
future-oriented
_____ are at least likely to experience worry, a fact that reflects _____.
Preadolescent children; cognitive immaturity
Steve, a 42- year old, may experience different levels of distress in different social situations. For example, he is most likely to feel anxious while ____, whereas ____ is the least likely to make him anxious.
giving oral presentations; writing in the presence of others.
Research focusing on a substance called corticotrophin - releasing factor (CRF) reveals which of the following in relation to the development of anxiety disorders?
Heightened and persistent CRF activity in the hypothalamus and the amygdala suggest that early life experiences such as loss, separation, or abuse may change brain activity, making that person more vulnerable to developing emotional disorders.
When she is 4 years old, Karen is most likely to be afraid of which of the following?
being alone
Which of the following would be a characteristic of trichotillomania?
repetitive hair pulling
Which of the following panic disorders is the most common?
agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder
Which of the following statements about PTSD among children in the United States is TRUE?
the prevalence of PTSD is unknown because there are no controlled community investigations
Among women, about _____ of the cases of PTSD are associated with sexual assault.
50%
Which of the following symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is known as re-experiencing?
During a 4th of July celebration, Connor suddenly feels as if he is back in Baghdad on the night enemy RPGs hit his army tank convoy.
How is trichotillomania (TTM) different from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
TTM is associated with less severe anxiety and depression than OCD
Given efficacy rates and empirical research results, the ____ approach(es) to treatment of anxiety disorders result(s) in remission rates of about _____.
behavioral and biological; 70%
Patients suffering from anxiety disorders, such GAD and PTSD, are most likely to be treated with ____ in order to correct serotonin imbalances.
Zoloft
Which of the following therapies is an example of cognitive-behavioral treatment?
A therapist asks a person afraid of crowds to go to a theater and reflect on any negative thoughts that occur. Then, the person is asked to generate some alternative positive thoughts to counteract the negative thoughts.
In ____, gamma knife surgery makes precise lesions in the brain tissue without the need for opening the skull.
capsulotomy
Behavioral inhibition is identifiable in children by age
4 months
_____ is a cognitive theory of fear acquisition.
Anxiety sensitivity
____ first proposed the concept of behavioral inhibition.
Jerome Kagan
Which of the following details an information transfer theory of fear acquisition?
Justin learned to be afraid of tornadoes because his father told him they could destroy buildings and hurt people
What type of specific phobia is the fear of flying?
Situtational
What type of disorder was football start Ricky Williams suffering from when he would give interviews with his helmet on or shy away from fans, causing many to describe him as aloof or weird?
social anxiety disorder
What is the treatment for bipolar disorder?
medication
One drawback of utilizing light therapy as a treatment for seasonal affective disorder(SAD) is
that light boxes are not covered by most insurance plans
Tonia went in for evaluation because she suspected she has depression. Her therapist most likely began her treatment with
ruling out a medical cause
A study using Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for depression treated 20 patients for six months, and the average response rate at a three-year-follow-up was
64%
Seasonal affective disorder is a type of major depression that can occur at any time, but is most frequently reported during
December through February
Taijin Kyofusho is different from other social phobias in that it occurs mostly in
young, Asian men, fearing offending others or making them feel uncomfortable due to their own inappropriate social behavior or perceived physical blemish/deformity.
Which of the following scenarios correctly describes a panic disorder with agoraphobia
While driving through a tunnel on her way, Barb suddenly begins to feel faint and overheated. She thinks she is having a stroke and heads to the hospital, but the doctors there conclude she experienced a panic attack.
The ____ is responsible for recognizing threatening situations and coordinating appropriate responses.
hypothalamus
While hiking in the forest, Paul came upon a bear hunting along the river. Paul tries to calm his rapid heartbeat and slow his breathing as he edges backwards along the path. The ____ system is responsible for helping Paul back calmly away.
parasympathetic nervous
Which of the following individuals is suffering from dissociative fugue?
After experiencing a deadly freeway crash, Trevor has episodes where he is found miles away from his home and usually insists his name is John.
Jane's therapist believes she has a dissociative disorder and explains that her symptoms may be the result of some traumatic event in her childhood. After a few sessions, Jane begins to remember vivid details about how she was sexually abused by a neighbor. These memories, which can be a controversial issue for psychology and mental health professionals, are known as what type of memories?
repressed and recovered
One of the primary criticisms surrounding dissociative identify disorder (DID) is that
the scientific status of DID as a diagnostic category is not well established.
Chronic stress associated with post-traumatic stress disorder can produce neuroanatomical changes in the _____ , which is/are region(s) in the brain known to be involved in memory function.
hippocampus and amygdala
Which of the following individuals is suffering from dissociative fugue?
Jared, who was located by police 100 miles from home, with no recollection of his own name.
Despite a lack of controlled investigations to support the suggestion of a relationship between dissociative identify disorder and childhood sexual trauma, proponents assert that ____ of the patients with dissociative identity disorder were severely abused as children.
virtually all
Which of following terms describes a disease that may be inadvertently caused by someone in the medical community, by a diagnostic procedure, or by a medical or surgical treatment.
iatrogenic
A person with factitious disorder will most likely go to the emergency room on a ______
Sunday evening
Roughly _____ of medical care expenses in the United States are incurred treating somatoform disorders.
20%
Most often in factitious imposed on another
mother produces physical symptoms in a child.
Which of the following demonstrates the phenomenon known as a peregrination?
A patient seeks treatment at different hospitals using false names.
From a ____ perspective, people with factitious disorders, through biased cognitive processes, misinterpret normal physical processes as indicators of physical illness.
cognitive
The ____ model considers the interplay between physical, psychological, and social factors in the development of somatoform disorders.
integrative
When a person intentionally produces physical symptoms to avoid military service, this is known as
malingering
Recent studies on remission rates for somatic symptom disorder report that between ____ of individuals recover one year later.
30 and 50%
When treating patients with somatic symptom disorders, healthcare professionals must
help the patient understand the role of psychological stress in physical symptoms
Across gender, racial and ethnic groups, somatic symptom disorder is
most likely to occur in females.
Jim is recovering from a heart attack. He frequently switches physicians because he never seems to like the rehabilitation plan they ask him to complete. Jim used to jog 3 miles every day before work, yet since his heart attack he will only walk slowly around the block once. He has visited his doctor twice because he thought he was having another heart attack. Which of the following somatic symptom disorders does Jim most likely have?
illness anxiety disorder
Between _____ of patients with conversation disorder remitted or significantly improved 2 to 5 years later.
33 and 90%
Many researchers searching for the cause of chronic fatigue syndrome believe that it can be brought on by a combination of viral infection, psychological stress, and ____
toxins
____ is a condition characterized by fluctuations that alternate between hypomanic as symptoms and depressive symptoms. It lasts for at least 2 years and is not as severe as mania or major depression
cycolthymic disorder
After age 60, manic and depressive symptoms often develop in relation to medical conditions, especially _____
stroke
Which treatment for bipolar disorder promotes adherence to regular daily routines, such as regular sleep patterns?
interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
Suicide hotlines are typically staffed by
people with crisis intervention training
Which statement is TRUE regarding depression in women?
Across cultures, almost twice as many women suffer from major depression as do men.
Bowlby's attachment theory proposed that a child's separation from its mother consists of three stages: protest; despair, pain, and loss; and ______
denial of affection
Association studies of depression focus on genes that regulate the ____ system.
serotonergic
Genes
influence the risk for major depression
Which form of treatment is based on the premise that an individual can learn to think and behave differently, which can lead to improved mood?
CBT
The concept of ____ proposes that externally uncontrollable environments and presumably internally uncontrollable environments are inescapable stimuli that can lead to sadness or low mood and major depression.
learned helplessness
In addition to genetics, neuroimaging and brain autopsy studies reveal very low levels of ____ in the brains of people who have committed suicide.
serotonin
Which statement is true?
Suicidal behavior run in families
Who is most likely to develop bipolar disorder?
an 18-year-old with low socioeconomic status and a history of substance abuse
A diagnosis of depression is NOT assigned if
symptoms are due to a general medical condition.
To determine the vents that led to suicide, psychologists often perform a(n)_____
psychological autopsy
Maxine is generally an upbeat person, but in February she tends to feel sad and gains weight. Maxine show symptoms of ____
SAD
The National Comorbidity Study - Replication study reported higher rates of depression in _____
whites
Carey often thought about dying, but did not think about how he would do it. These kinds of thoughts of death are often called ____
suicidal ideation
Electroconvulsive therapy is an effective treatment for depression, especially for people who are
at risk of suicide
Nicky's doctor told her she was at the peak age of risk for depression. Nicky was most likely
32
___ approaches to suicide prevention try to "reconnect" youth who are drifting with social and emotional supports, thereby improving both their school and family functioning.
Societal
In the U.S. ____ are more likely to commit suicide that ____
males; females
Jessie has been experiencing high productivity and creativity for five days, but has still executed sound judgment while making decisions. Jessie is exhibiting symptoms of _____
hypomania
Brittany has experienced depression most days for the past two years. She reports a loss of appetite and low energy, but has not experienced a major depressive disorder or manic episode. She is demonstrating characteristics of ____
persistent depressive disorder
Children who suffer from bipolar disorder typically _____
are difficult to diagnose because their condition may be similar to other conditions, such as ADHD or conduct disorder
According to neuroimaging studies, which parts of the brain are associated with depression?
amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex
Which treatment for bipolar disorder promotes adherence to regular daily routines, such as regular sleep patterns?
interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
The two key mood disorders are ____ characterized by abnormally high mood, and ____ which involves abnormally low mood.
mania; depression
About ____ of people with major depressive disorder actually sleep and eat more than usual.
40%
Twin studies indicate that the heritability of major depression is around
37%
Which statement is TRUE regarding depression in women?
Across cultures, almost twice as many women suffer from major depression as do men.
To illustrate "anger turned inward," Freud noted that melancholics were often highly ____
self-accusatory
Suicide now ranks as the ____ leading cause of death in the U.S.
tenth
The first group of drugs marked to treat depression included
MAOIs
What percentage of women suffer from "baby blues" within a few days of childbirth?
80%
Nearly _____ of people with lifetime major depressive disorder had at least one additional disorder.
three fourths
When a school conducts a critical incident debriefing whereby people who witnessed a suicide are brought together to talk about it and their reaction to ti, the school is attempting to
prevent suicide contagion
Approximately what percent of attempted or completed suicides are committed by individuals who suffer from psychological disorders?
90%
George has symptoms of mania and depression at the same time. He is exhibiting symptoms of
a mixed state.
Billie and Shonda have a family history of mood disorders and both work in a high stress environment, but only Shonda developed depression as a resut. This phenomenon is called _____
genetic control of sensitivity to the environment
Who developed the theory of learned helplessness?
Seligman
What is a reason why a patient with bipolar disorder would stop taking lithium?
They may stop taking it during a period of normal mood because they feel that they are well.
The core principle of ____ is that interpersonal problems can trigger depression and depression itself can influence interpersonal functioning.
IPT
The estimated prevalence of bulmia nervosa among women across westernized countries is between
1-3%
Bulimia nervosa is more common in _____ areas
urban
In restricting subtype of anorexia nervosa, patients
increase their physical activity and reduce caloric intake
All of the following features are associated with anorexia nervosa
dry brittle hair, dehydration, and fidgeting
Binge eating disorder is characterized by regular binge eating behavior, but without
lack of recurrent compensatory behaviors that are part of bulimia nervosa
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders focuses on
distorted ideas about body shape, weight, and personal control.
A consequence of starvation and weight loss in females is
amenorrhea.
Approximately ____ of people with bulimia nervosa have another psychiatric disorder at some point in their lives.
80%
As a dietician who works with patients with eating disorders, Leroy understand that in addition to setting appropriate weight goals for his patients, he must also _____
calculate caloric requirements according to a patient's treatment goal
Finely has binge eating disorder (BED). This mean that she almost never
eats slowly and savors each bit of food.
Gina has been binging and purging for four years. No one would suspect that she has bulimia nervosa because her body weight has been _____ all along.
close to or higher than average
Karen has bulimia and is always racking up credit card bills because of her endless shopping sprees. Karen's shopping reflect the strong tendency for bulimic individuals to be ______
implusive
A consequence of anorexia nervosa in Jenna, an early adolescent, will likely be
interruption of social and emotional development.
Mark is seeking treatment for an eating disorder for the first time. Like many people with such disorders, he is most likely to receive the diagnosis of _____
other specified feeding and eating disorders.
Fatimah is getting treatment for her bulimia. As a part of her treatment plan, she uses an app on her phone. Fatimah is most likely
participating in self-monitoring
Tricia is a graduate student who is interested in eating disorders. She overcame her anorexia nervosa at age 21. No one else in her family seems to have any issues with food. She was surprised to learn that several studies on eating disorders show that
these disorders clearly run in families
With regard to racial and ethnic patterns in eating disorders, research
is limited and insufficient to make definitive statements
_____ is the central treatment goal for all eating disorders.
The normalization of eating behavior and weight
Dialectical behavioral therapy focuses on
viewing symptoms as attempts to manage unpleasant emotions
An example of an inappropriate compensatory behavior in a bulimic patient is _____
excessive exercise
People born after _____ are at a greater risk for bulimia nervosa.
1960
Anorexia nervosa was recognized in the
1870s.
Expending more calories than are taken in results in _____ balance.
negative energy
The cornerstone of cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa is
self-monitoring
Early psychoanalytic theory viewed anorexia nervosa as an attempt to defend against anxiety related to
emerging adult sexuality
In both boys and girls, bulimia nervosa before puberty is
rarely reported
Marcella has checked into an inpatient treatment center to get help with her anorexia nervosa. Her case manager tells her that the first and most critical steps in her treatment will be _____.
restoring her weight.
Among psychiatric disorders, the mortality rate for anorexia nervosa is
the highest.
______ is the only FDA-approved medication for any eating disorder.
Prozac (fluoxetine)
The Maudsley approach empowers parents to
take an active role in achieving successful treatment.
Purging is characterized by
using self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or a diuretic.
_____ has have been directly related to the development of eating disorders.
Serotonin and dopamine
A person with anorexia nervosa may come to weigh less than _____% of ideal body weight.
85
What percent of the general population meet the criteria for binge eating disorder?
2-3.5%
Allie is interested in fashion, and hopes to be a designer someday. She spends a lot of free time looking at fashion magazines for ideas. Allie may be susceptible to a sociocultural factor that contributes to the development of eating disorders in girls and women. This is ____.
the decrease in body size ideal for women.
Both _____ an anorexia nervosa are associated with the personality trait of extreme perfectionism.
bulimia nervosa
Binging and purging is unhealthful and potentially dangerous
any time an individual engages in the behavior.
_____ is no longer a diagnostic criterion for anorexia nervosa, according to the DSM-5.
Amenorrhea
Individuals with anorexia nervosa often display a lack of recognition of
the seriousness of their low body weight.
Weight in kilograms, divided by height, in meters squared equals
body mass index.
Jerome has anorexia nervosa. His doctor has recommended hospitalization, the typical protocol for patients who
are below 75% of their ideal body weight.
____ is (are) critical in the treatment of anorexia nervosa, especially in young patients who are not chronically ill.
Family involvement
The manner in which treatment goals are best met differs by
disorder.
After binge eating, may people report feeling
guilty, disgusted and depressed
Sexual abuse is ____ common in families of individuals with eating disorders than in families of individuals with other psychological illnesses.
no more
Early stereotypes of patients with eating disorders may have been biased because
the studies reflected those who could access and afford treatment.
There have been ____ studies that examine the relationship between the feeding habits of children and the development of eating disorders in adolescence.
few
Hilde Bruch identified such as body image distortion and ____ as core aspects of anorexic pathology.
a pervasive sense of ineffectiveness.
Animal studies have shown that the ____ is influential in weight control and appetite.
hypothalamus
A specific area of chromosome 10 has been identified as significant in the development of
bulimia nervosa and obesity.
Other specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED) is a diagnostic category for those who
do not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder.
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