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Vulnerable Populations NU 302 11/3/20

Terms in this set (27)

Characteristics of vulnerable populations
- High risk of adverse health outcomes
- Higher mortality rates
- Less access to health care; disparities in quality of care
- Uninsured or underinsured
- Lower life expectancy
- Overall diminished quality of life
Vulnerable Populations Conceptual Module
1. Resource availability (societal and environmental resources)
2. Relative factors (risk factors)
3. Health status (morbidity & mortality)
Research
Practice, Ethical and Policy Analysis
Studies using the Conceptual Model
- Pregnant adolescents
- HIV in Hispanic migrant workers
- Family members of violent mentally ill
1. What might issues with resource availability? (e.g. lack of resources, barriers, etc.)?
2. What might be risk factors?
3. How could morbidity and mortality impact resources?
T/F
The Vulnerable Populations Conceptual Model includes demographic, social, and health belief variables.
False
Rationale: The Vulnerable Populations Conceptual Model addresses resource availability, relative risk, and health status.
Behavioral Model (Gelberg, Andersen, & Leake)
- Predisposing factors
- Enabling factors
- This model often used in research with homeless individuals.
- Looks at how predisposing and enabling factors explain health behaviors and outcomes.
Predisposing factors:
gender, age, race, education, employment, health beliefs
Enabling factors:
income, social support, health resources, transportation
Framework for Studying Vulnerable Populations (Aday)
•Differential vulnerability - The effect of negative or stressful events is different to individuals.
•Social Capital
•Human Capital
Social Capital
- Marital status
- Family structure
- Social networks
- Organizational memberships
Human Capital:
- Education
- Job training
- Income
- Housing
You must not underestimate the importance of what kind of support for these individuals?
social
What increases the risk of vulnerability, morbidity and mortality.
Isolation
Prevalence of Vulnerable Populations and Causative Factors:
- Difficulty in measuring due to overlapping of populations
- Root causes
- Socioeconomic status/poverty
- Insurance coverage: uninsured and underinsured
- Race and ethnicity
Poverty
- National and global issue
- Estimated 896 million people worldwide live on $1.90/day or less
- In the U.S approximately 46.7 million people live in poverty
- 2015 poverty thresholds:
$11,670 for single
$15,730 for a family of two
$23,850 for a family of four
Approximately 27.6 million remain ________.
uninsured
How does lack of insurance contribute health vulnerability?
- Lack of preventative measures and screenings
- Delay treatment
- Often not immunized
Race & Ethnicity
- 1/3 of U.S. population is made up of racial or ethnic minority groups
- Hispanics are the largest minority groups at 16%
How does race & ethnicity contribute to health vulnerability?
- Decreased access to housing, employment opportunities and resources
- Increased stressors
- Educational barriers
T/F
Measuring the prevalence of vulnerable populations is difficult.
True
Rationale: It is difficult to measure vulnerable populations because the populations are not distinct and overlap.
Social Determinants -
Social conditions which can affect the health of individuals such as the location where individuals live, where they work, exposure to violence, environment, etc. ). May affect morbidity and mortality. May contribute to Health Disparities.
Socioeconomic Gradient -
Refers to the relationship between social class/income and health
- As Income rates increase, morbidity and mortality rates decrease.
Health Disparities -
unequal distribution of disease and health conditions.
Roles of the Public Health Nurse and Vulnerable Populations
- Effective Caring: establish relationships and rapport
- Empowerment: client-centered approach, trust, advocacy, teaching and role modeling, capacity building
- Assist with support networks
Promoting Empowerment
- Client Centered approach
- Develop a relationship
- Advocate
- Be a teacher and a role model
- Capacity building
>.Outcomes: increased self esteem, confidence, and
"re-framing situations"
Empowerment Strategies
1. The person, not the problem is your focus
2. Strengths, not just problems, can be found and developed
3. Resilience is equally as important as vulnerability
4. Examine unjust societal and cultural forces and work to alter
5. Nurses aren't only concerned with illness but also helping clients adapt and grow.
6. Be proactive not just reactive
Think about your research on vulnerable populations?
- What population did you examine?
- What were some of the findings?
- What are some factors contributing to their vulnerability?
- Is further research needed and if so what?
- How can you apply what you learned about these populations to your nursing practice?
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