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Science test 10/21

Terms in this set (47)

Ionic bonds
Electrons are moved from one atom to another
Covalent bonds
Electrons are shared between two atoms
non polar covalent bond
equal sharing of electrons
polar covalent bond
A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally
Why is water a polar molecule?
water has positive hydrogen atoms and negatively charged oxygen atoms
What is hydrogen bonding
Occurs between relative positive and negative charges that occur on different molecules. Water molecules
Density as a solid
When Ice forms it is less dense as a solid than a liquid
Adhesion
force of attraction between different kinds of molecules
Cohesion
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
capillary action
the combined force of attraction among water molecules and with the molecules of surrounding materials
Universal solvent
Dissolves into anything (Water).
high heat capacity
Water's ability to absorb and retain heat
high heat of vaporization
many hydrogen bonds must be broken for water to evaporate
Organic compound
a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon and hydrogen , excluding carbonates and oxides
Macromolecule
A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules
Polymer
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
Monomer
A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
dehydration synthesis
A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
Hudrolysis
Breaks bond by adding water
Carbohydrates
Contains: HCO Monomer: monosaccharides Recognize: ratio CH2O Functions: plant structure and E storage
Proteins
Contains: HCON(S) Monomer: Amino Acids Recognize: NCC Func.: support transport subs
Lipid
Contains: HC little O (P) Monomer: Glycerol four fused rings Recognize: Fatty acids four fused rings Functions: dense E source steroids
Nucleic Acid
Contains: CHPON Monomer: nucleotide Recognize: ringed contains N Functions: storage and transmission
Saturated fatty acid
no double bonds between carbon atoms
unsaturated fatty acid
at least one double bond between adjacent carbon atoms
Cell theory
1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.
3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Prokaryotic cell
No nucleus, small simple, unicellular, cell walls, ex. Bacteria
P and E cells
Cell mem., ribosome, DNA
Eukaryotic cells
Contain a nucleus, larger, uni or multi cellular, maybe have cell wall, ex. Plants animals fungi
Animal cells
1) lacks cell wall 2) lacks chloroplasts 3) lacks large central vacuole
Both animal and plant cells
cell membrane, cytoskeleton, ER, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, nucleus, ribosomes, cytoplasm
Plant cells
1) have cell wall 2) have chlorophyll/chloroplasts 3) large central vacuole
cell membrane
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Cell wall
A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
Nucleus
Control center of the cell
Nucleolus
Makes ribosomes and RNA
Ribsomes
Makes proteins
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
creates lipids or fat
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell
Chloroplasts
Capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell
Perioxisome
Detoxifies harmful substances, produced hydrogen peroxide, and oxidizes amino acids
Lysosome
An organelle containing digestive enzymes
Golgi apparatus
A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
large central vacuole
the organelle that stores water and other materials
Vesicle
A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell.
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