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Comm 210 Midterm part2

Terms in this set (38)

Intrapersonal communication
the connection you have with yourself: thoughts, self-talk, recognition of your own feelings and attitude
Interpersonal communication
occurs between two people: casual convo between friends, discussion w/ a significant other
Mass-Mediated communication
communication through technology
Dance's Helical Model
-Small at the bottom and gets bigger slowly in a circular motion; in the beginning communicators share a little about themselves and eventually share more and more
-Communication is ever-changing, circular, expanding, and building from the past
SMCR
Source- creates the message
Message- can be verbal or nonverbal elements
Channel- how the message gets from sender to receiver
Receiver- brings previous attitudes, and decodes/translates the message
Different reactions to CA
(1) B-Behavioral- avoiding public speaking
(2) A-Affect- feelings of fear or anxiety
(3) S-Sensation- nausea or sweating
(4) I-Imagery- picturing the audience laughing at you
(5) C-Cognitive- irrational thoughts
(6) S-Stress
What are ways to overcome CA?
-Cognitive reconstructing
-Systematic desensitization
-Visualization
-Interpersonal support
-Skills training
-Deep abdominal breathing
-Physical exercise and stress reduction
What are the three types of audience analysis?
Psychological
Demographic
Analysis of the situation/occasion
Demographic Analysis
considering sex, age, educational level, occupational experiences, economic class, religion, race& other social categories of the listeners
-Limitations: STEREOTYPES
What are some ways to conduct an audience analysis?
Observation, Interviews, Surveys
Explain the different types of audiences
1. Friendly Audience-positively disposed towards speaker's purpose
2. Hostile Audience- opposed to speaker's purpose
3. Neutral Audience- undecided about speaker's purpose
4. Apathetic Audience-
no knowledge of or interest in speaker's purpose
What is the difference between a self-centered and audience-centered speaker?
(1)Self-Centered Speakers; focus on issues that are important to them, act as though everyone has had the same experiences, lack respect for diversity among human beings, and focus on their speaking performance

(2)Audience-centered Speakers; present material to which audience can relate, use words familiar to the audience, respect differences of audience members, avoid attacking or insulting the audience
Topical Order
-primacy
-recency
-arranging ideas into categories
Chronological Order
-consider ideas over time
-speeches about people
Spatial Order
arranging ideas based on location/geography
Causal Order
examines the causes and effects of a phenomenon or problem
Problem-Solution Order
explains the nature of a problem and the way to solve it (used for persuasive speeches)
Motivated Sequence
Monroe's Motivated Sequence; 5 steps: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization and action
Explain primacy and recency. How does this impact your speech?
Primacy- the important and first thing in your speech. you may be able to persuade your audience to your position
Recency- the last and most recent thing in your speech. people will remember it the clearest
Understand inductive and didactic reasoning.
(1) Didactic Method
teaching/instructive speech/helps audience grasp your point fast
(2) Inductive Method
method of implication/present the support first & draws a conclusion from it
What are the different methods of delivery?What are the strengths and limitations to each?
(1)Extemporaneous- prepares the presentation but delivers in a conversational manner and natural interaction
(2)Impromptu- unplanned, spur of the moment
(3)Manuscript- reading word-for-word
(4)Memory- delivering manuscript without the notes
Explain the vocal elements of delivery.
(1)Volume- talk loudly enough to be heard without becoming overbearing
(2)Articulation- enunciation, producing correct vowel and consonant sounds
(3)Pronunciation- presenting the appropriate sounds of a word in the accepted order without additions or omissions.
(4)Rate- the number of words a speaker utters a minute, how fast or slow you're are talking
(5)Pitch- how high or low you speak during message
(6)Quality- unique characteristics of a speakers voice
Explain the bodily elements of delivery and be able to define each.
(1)Posture- the way you stand or sit during, and after presentation will influence your audience
(2)Movement- purposeful movement can hold an audiences attention and enhance meaning and affect
(3)Gestures- reinforce your message and makes it more natural
(4)Facial expression- reflects the meaning of the message and helps establish an appropriate relationship
(5)Eye contact- enhances ability to create a more favorable image and provides important feedback
What are the components of effective intro/conclusions?
I- Interest (pull them in)
N- need (what is in it for them)
T- topic (what are we talking about)
R- reliability (credibility statements)
O- overview (preview of main points)

D- direction (where is speech heading)
O- overview (review of speech)
N- need (why is matters)
E- excitement (bring audience back)
How do you establish credibility?
-Establish knowledge of subject
-Do nothing to bring them into question
-Show goodwill towards audience
-establish it early, do not attack someone unfairly, show goodwill towards the audience, do not use extreme material, be enthusiastic
What are the principles of informative speaking?
(1)Simplicity- simple material is easier to understand
(2)Clarity- phrase ideas clearly
(3)Credibility- more likely to listen if more credible
(4)Interest- learn more from presentations that interest
Explain the elements of credibility.
-Competence- come off as if you know your topic better than your audience, being prepared
-Trustworthiness-you are trustworthy until you violate the trust, illustrate the value of the material
-Dynamism-energetic and responsive style
What are the elements of a competent communicator
A. Knowledge and skill
B. Skill and Motivation
C. Motivation and judgement
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
A communicator is only considered effective and appropriate when
A. They perceive themselves as being so
B. Prior to the speech they greet the audience
C. The audience perceives them as being so
D. After the speech they hold a meet and greet
C. The audience perceives them as being so
Sitting in back of LL Ray is talking to a friend. this is an example of what level of communication
A. Group
B. Public
C. interpersonal
D. intrapersonal
C. interpersonal
A broad based fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with another person
communication apprehension
Your friend is worried about writing the intro to her speech. What is the source of her CA?
A. Behavioral
B. Stress
C. Cognitive
D. Sensation
A. Behavioral
What type of treatment focuses on slow exposure to fear?
A. Social support
B. Cognitive restructuring
C. Systemic desensitization
D. Visualization
C. Systemic desensitization
Bob wants to present on the new changes and additions to the student recreation center, focusing on all the different species available for use. Which type of pattern would be most effective?
A. Topical
B. Spatial
C. Monroe's motivated sequence
D. Causal
B. Spatial
Credibility is:
A. the attitude listeners hold toward a speaker
B. the value listeners give a topic
C. Something that all speakers possess
D. established with the specific purpose of each speech
A. the attitude listeners hold toward a speaker
What type of audience analysis can lead to problematic conclusions?
A. Psychological
B. Situational
C. Demographic
D. none of the above
C. demographic
Frame of reference can be defined as
A. the way one views the world
B. one's beliefs, values, and attitudes
C. One's structure for encoding and decoding messages
D. all of the above
D
Before speaking event, if Marianne surveys to see that others will be speaking about before her, she is engaging in?
A. Psychological analysis
B. Demographic analysis
C. Situation and occasion analysis
D. Speaker analysis
C. s
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