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Experimental Psychology MO State

Terms in this set (39)

confounding variable
a variable other than the IV that causes change within the DV.
Counterbalancing
multiple orders of the experimental conditions are administered and compared; different sequences are assigned to different participants or groups.
double blind study
participants and researchers are unaware of each participants study condition
equivalent
comparable
history effect
tendency of events or circumstances outside an experiment to influence the outcome (pretest & posttest)
instrumentation
a change in the measuring device during the course of a study
internal validity
confidence that one can conclude that only variations in the IV caused observed changes in the DV.
matched pairs design
involving two groups of participants in which each member of one group is paired with a similar person in the other group.
maturation
naturally occurring time related changes within participants.
order effect
the influence of the order in which treatments are administered.
Participants variables
characteristics that make people unique. (demographics)
Placebo
non-specific treatment
placebo effect
occurs if participants have expectations about the effects of an experimental condition.
random assignment
a way of assigning so that each participant has an equal chance of being placed into each condition or group within an experiment.
random selection
randomly selecting participants.
Post hoc
test that isolates a difference identified by an omnibus test in a single-factor design.
Posttest
measurement of the DV AFTER the experimental manipulation.
Posttest only between groups design
each participant is exposed to only one experimental condition, and the single score that each contributes to the study is based on the posttest.
Pretest
measurement of the DV BEFORE the experimental manipulation.
Pretest-posttest between groups design
each participant is exposed to only 1 experimental condition, but contributes 2 scores based one one pretest and one posttest.
Repeated measures
an aspect of a research design in which a DV is measured on repeated occasions.
Single-factor design
a single IV that includes two or more levels
Within group design
effects of treatment are observed through a comparison of the scores of the same participants observed under all the treatment conditions.
Regression to the mean
tendency of extremely high or extremely low scores to become more moderate with repeated measurement of the DV.
Single-blind study
participants are unaware of their study condition (this is to avoid experimental bias)
Testing effect (aka practice effect)
participants who are tested multiple times to be influenced by this 'practice' in a way, changes their performance in subsequent tests.
Between groups design
involves comparison of 2 or more groups of participants that each receive a different level of the IV.
Carryover effect
order effect where the outcome of 1 condition influences the outcome of a condition that follows.
Control group
does not receive the IV
Experimental condition
level of the IV that is manipulated by the researcher in order to assess the effect on a DV.
Experimental group
group of participants that receive some level of the IV.
Factor
an IV with 2 or more levels or groups .
Full counterbalancing
research design in which every possible order of treatments is administered
Latin Square
partial counterbalancing technique where the number of orders of conditions used is equal to the number of conditions in the study
Level
number of treatments or conditions that are represented with an IV.
Manipulate
to change
Partial Counterbalancing
research design where experimenters do not use all possible orders, but still control for order and sequence effects.
Dependent Variable
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
Independent Variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
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