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Chapter 11

Terms in this set (94)

Which of the following are lobbyists not required by federal law to disclose?
how many members they represent
Money swapping occurs when a(n)
interest group makes a contribution to a not-for-profit group which, in turn, provides laundered campaign funds to politicians.
Why is it important for interest groups to offer selective benefits?
It is necessary to limit the extent of the free-rider problem
When a coalition of credit card companies forms an interest group called the Partnership to Protect Consumer Credit, this indicates that
private interests are hiding behind the ideals of public interest
The Christian Coalition is best described as a(n) ________ group.
Ideological
The first organized interest groups arose in response to the
economic interventions of the federal government during the 1890s.
An iron triangle is made up of an alliance between
a legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency
Which of the following statements about lobbyists and members of Congress is incorrect?
Members of Congress are forbidden from ever working for an interest group once they leave office.
One way that the AARP has been effective at overcoming the free-rider problem is by providing ________ benefits to its members.
Selective
_____ was an important Washington lobbyist who was indicated in 2005 on charges of violating federal lobbying laws
Jack Abramoff
A PAC can contribute ________ to any candidate for federal office, provided it contributes to at least five different federal candidates each year
5,000
Which of the following groups is most likely to belong to the New Politics movement?
upper-middle-class professionals, for whom the civil rights and antiwar movements of the 1960s were key experiences
The free- rider phenomenon
is not related to groups in any way because it is an individual-level problem.
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between lobbyists and Congress in recent years?
The relationship between lobbyists and Congress has become so close that many have argued that lobbyists have become like staff members to the Republican leadership
What is the primary variable for predicting the likelihood of joining an interest group?
having a higher income and education
What is the primary function of a political action committee (PAC)?
to produce and carry out an institutional advertising campaign

to build better networks between interest groups and political parties

to raise and distribute money to election campaigns
Parties with a direct interest in a regulatory rule or decision are ofter termed
stakeholders
Which of the following has Congress not done in recent years in order to limit the influence of interest groups?
outlawed all contact between lobbyists and members of Congress during legislative sessions
When interest groups take out advertisements and hold marches, these are examples of
mobilizing public opinion.
Which group is best adapted to organizing the lower classes?
a political party
Which of the following statements about lobbyists and members of Congress is incorrect?
Members of Congress are forbidden from ever working for an interest group once they leave office.
Which of the following statements about political parties and interest groups is most accurate?
Political parties have declined in influence in recent years, while interest groups have become more numerous, active, and influential.

Both political parties and interest groups have become much less active and influential in recent years.
The increased number and importance of interest groups
is due to the decline in the United States' multiparty system.

is a response to an increase in the size and activity of government.

causes a subsequent expansion in government.
The best description of the ideal pluralism is that
interests should be free to compete with each other for governmental influence
The practice of lobbying is protected by
the first amendment
If one enjoys the benefits of a group's collective efforts but did not contribute to those efforts, is called a
Free rider
The christian Coalition is best described as a(n) _______ group.
Ideological
Which of the following is a main theoretical assumption a pluralism?
Competition among interests will produce balance, with all interests regulating each other.
What are political parties more capable of doing than interest groups?
organizing people on a mass scale
Which of the following groups would be considered part of the New Politics movement?
the Sierra Club
Populist supported the initiative because they
saw it as a way to limit the influence of interest groups in the legislative process
A full-page, fully spread in the New York Times publicizing a major oil company is best described as
institutional advertising.??
When a group is called a membership association, it means that
members play an important role in the daily activities of the group.
Successful interest groups quickly become
beuracratized
Interest groups are concerned with the _______ of government, while political parties are concerned with the ________ of government.
policies; personnel
Interest groups are permitted to spend as much money as they want on issue advocacy during a campaign season, as long as they
do not coordinate their efforts with a candidate's own campaign organization.
Which of the following statements about PACs is most accurate?
The number of both labor PACs and ideological/public interest PACs has decreased significantly since 1980.

The number of ideological/public interest PACs has increased dramatically since 1980, while the number of labor PACs has remained essentially the same.???
By 2012, there were approximately ________ PACs in the United States.
5,500
Public interest groups differ from other types of interest groups in that
they claim to serve the common good, not just their own particular interests.
Organized interest groups enhance american democracy by
representing the interests of large numbers of people and encouraging political participation
Which of the following has been eliminated as a result of 2002 campaign-finance reforms?
Soft Money
Lobbying is
an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on members of Congress or a state legislature.???
The major organizational factors shared by most interest groups are
very close links with the national news media, direct ties to a member of Congress, a headquarters in Washington, D.C., and members.

very close links with the national news media, connections with Hollywood, direct ties to the president of the United States, and members.

leadership, money, an agency or office, and members.
.
.
Since the 1930s, the number and scale of interest groups at the national level has
dramatically increased
What is the most important attempt to limit the influence of lobbyists in recent years?
the 1995 lobbying disclosure act
Most initiative campaigns today are sponsored by
Interest groups seeking to circumvent legislative opposition to their goals
Why is the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946 important to lobbyist?
It requires agencies to create opportunities for public comments before implementing new rules and regulations.
A PAC can contribute _______ to any candidate for federal office, provided it contributes to at least five different federal candidates each year.
5,000
The Teamsters and the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) are examples of what kind of interest group?
a labor group
The fact that interest groups favor the wealthy and well educated can be understood as a reflection of what eternal dilemma in American politics?
Liberty is often inconsistent with equality
Which of the following statements best describes the status of lobbyists for foreign interests in the the United States?
Both foreign nations and foreign business interests lobby strongly for economic benefits, military aid, and other issues
Alexis de Tocqueville argued that the proliferation of groups gromoted
governmental responsiveness
What distinguishes lobbying from other strategies of influence?
Lobbyists try to exert pressure directly on governmental officials themselves
In recent years, the religious right has had a great effect on American politics through
grassroot mobilization
When membership in an organization allows for a reduction in the price of museum tickets, it is called a
meterial benefit
How can interest groups use litigation as a strategy of influence?
filing amici curiae briefs, financing lawsuits, and bringing a suit on behalf of the group
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between New Politics forces and the courts during the 1970s and 1980s?
New Politics forces made significant use of the courts during the 1970s and 1980s and judicial decisions were instrumental in advancing their goals
The solidary benefits of interest groups include
Friendship and consciousness-raising
Which of the following groups was not established through the New Politics movement?
National Association of Manufacturers
Parties with a direct interest in a regulatory rule or decision are often termed
stakeholders
Members of interest groups in the United States are typically people
with higher levels of income and education
Interest groups most effectively serve
the upper class
The Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990 was designed to
encourage administrative agencies to negotiate with important interest groups
Money-swapping occurs when a(n)
interest group makes a contribution to a not-for-profit group which, in turn, provides laundered campaign funds to politicians.
The New Politics movement gave rise to what type of interest group?
Public interest
The free-rider problem occurs because
the benefits of a group's actions are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers
In the world of lobbyists, to be "Microsofted" has come to mean a company has
become vulnerable to adverse legislation and investigation as a result of failing to lobby the federal government.
Populists supported the initiative because they
saw it as a way to limit the influence of interest groups in the legislative process.
The Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990 was designed to
encourage administrative agencies to negotiate with important interest groups
Many interest groups are initially organized because
a political entrepreneur with a strong commitment to a particular set of goals believes a group will promote his or her goals and enhance his or her political influence.
Another name for lobbying is
Petitioning
When interest groups generate phony letters and phone calls in order to resemble a grassroots movement, this technique is called
Astroturf lobbying
Grandparents, tall people, and undergraduates are all examples of
potential interest groups
Which of the following issues is not part of the agenda of the New Politics movement?
industrial deregulation
What is the most important and beneficial resource that lobbyists provide government officials?
information
A grassroots lobbying campaign occurs
When an interest group mobilizes its members and their families throughout the country to write their representatives in support of the group's position
It is difficult for political scientists to categorize unrepresented interests because
there are no organizations that can present their identities and demands.
Supply-side economics is the idea that
the best method of producing high levels of economic growth is to engage in high levels of government spending.

the government should impose heavy tariffs on imported goods in order to protect domestic suppliers.

the government's role in the economy should be strictly limited to regulating the supply of money.

reducing the marginal rate of taxation will create a productive economy by promoting levels of work and investment that would otherwise be discouraged by higher taxes.
The United States has ______ percent of the world's population and is responsible for ______ percent of its greenhouse gas emissions.
1; 5

10; 25

20; 60

25; 10
The National League of Cities is a good example of a
public-sector interest group.
approximately how many members does AARP have?
38,000,000
If people were motivated to join an environmental organization because they strongly believed in protection the environment and supported the goals of the group, then we would say they were motivated by
purposive benefits
Which of the following is not a job regularly performed by lobbyists ?
nominating a candidate to run for political office
A ______ is the best example of an informational benefit provided by many interest groups.
newsletter
A benefit that is sought by an interest group and that once achieved cannot be denied to nonmembers is called a
collective good
which of the following is not a key organizational component of interest groups?
newsletter and website
A loose, informal relationship of public officials, interest groups, and activists who are all concerned with the same policies is called a(n)
issue network
What contemporary political scientists call an interest group, James Madison called a(n)
faction
which of the following groups has had the greatest success with a strategy of litigation?
the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
A criticism of interest-group pluralism is
its class bias in favor of those with greater financial resources.
when paid staff conduct most of the daily business of a group, that group is best described as
staff organization
Which of the following is NOT a function of interest groups?
to get their members elected to political office.
Which of the following Supreme Court cases illustrates the use of litigation by an interest group?
Websteru
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