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chapter 21

Terms in this set (131)

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica

Compared to arteries, veins

have thinner walls

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

continuous capillaries

The smallest arterial branches are called the

The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the

external elastic membrane

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

In arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers associated with the tunica intima is called the

internal elastic membrane

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

reduces, increases

Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel?

Of the following, which is an elastic artery?

These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated.

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

fenestrated capillaries

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

precapillary sphincter

The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery?

Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States.

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except

pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

The ________ are small blood vessels that nourish tissue components in the wall of large arteries and veins.

The increase in effective blood volume that results from venoconstriction is the

In the condition known as ________, the wall of an artery becomes thicker and stiffer.

atherosclerosis

The condition known as ________ is characterized by the formation of fatty plaques within the wall of arteries.

atherosclerosis

A(n) ________ is a bulge, or weakened wall, of an artery.

________ form elaborate capillary networks within tissues that allow for very slow blood flow.

The tunica intima consists of

simple squamous epithelium, loose connective tissue

What are the layers of blood vessels from outside to inside?

tunica externa; tunica media; tunica interna

Which vessel has only the tunica intima layer?

Distension of the superficial veins caused by weakened valves is termed

Resistance is a force that

decreases blood flow

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the

osmolarity of interstitial fluids

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?

Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased

parasympathetic innervation

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the

capillary hydrostatic pressure

Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to

arterial pressure

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue except

increased hematocrit

The resistance to blood flow of the entire cardiovascular system is known as

total peripheral resistance

Cross-sectional area is highest in

A temporary loss of consciousness due to a decrease in blood flow to the brain is termed

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except

release of renin

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except

increased levels of ANP

Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in

increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system

Fear can result in

increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers.

The regulation of blood flow by local mechanisms within a capillary bed is called

Partial constriction due to constant sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels is known as

Baroreceptors are located in the

carotid and aorta

Which is not an effect of angiotensin II to increase blood pressure?

Which of the following changes does not occur during exercise compared to rest?

Skin blood flow is lower

All of the following occur during exercise except

angiotensin II is released.

In response to hemorrhage, there is

mobilization of the venous return

Trained athletes tend to have ________ heart rates and ________ stroke volumes than nonathletes at rest.

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

Branches off the aortic arch include the

Brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery

Major branches of the subclavian artery include the ________ artery(ies).

internal thoracic

After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery.

After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the ________ artery.

The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery called the

The ________ carries nutrient-rich blood into the liver.

hepatic portal vein

The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the

cerebral arterial circle

Near the carotid sinus,

the common carotid divides into an internal and an external branch.

The ________ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta.

Branches of the thoracic aorta include all of the following except the ________ arteries.

Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ________ arteries.

The external iliac artery branches to form the ________ arteries.

femoral and deep femoral

At the knee, the femoral artery becomes the ________ artery.

Branches of the popliteal artery include the

anterior tibial artery

The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the

superior vena cava

Veins of the brain empty into

Which of the following is a deep vein of the forearm?

The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the ________ vein.

At the level of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes the ________ vein.

brachiocephalic

The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the

superior vena cava

Each of the following is a component of the cerebral arterial circle except the ________ artery.

An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery.

internal carotid

Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein.

internal jugular

Which of the following contributes to the formation of the popliteal vein?

anterior and posterior tibial and fibular

Blood from capillaries on the superior surface of the foot drains into a(n)

dorsal venous arch

Blood from the dorsal venous arch is drained by the ________ vein(s).

small saphenous

At the knee, the small saphenous, tibial, and fibular veins unite to form the ________ vein.

When the popliteal vein reaches the femur, it becomes the ________ vein.

The ________ vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein, femoral vein, and deep femoral vein.

Which of the following veins empty directly into the inferior vena cava?

The two common iliac veins form the

inferior vena cava

The blood vessel that carries blood to the arm and shoulder is the ________ artery.

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the head and neck is the ________ artery.

The bronchial arteries branch from the ________ to supply the lung airways.

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the liver, stomach, and spleen is the

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the pancreas, the small intestine, and most of the large intestine is the

superior mesenteric artery

The ________ is the kidney's sole blood supply.

The blood vessel that branches from the subclavian artery to supply the anterior wall of the chest is the

internal thoracic

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the cerebral arterial circle from the posterior is the ________ artery.

The superior phrenic artery supplies blood to the

The ________ artery supplies blood to the face.

The lower part of the large intestine including the rectum receives blood from the

inferior mesenteric artery

Ovaries and testes receive a blood supply from the ________ arteries.

The inferior portion of the spinal cord and the abdominal wall receive blood from the

The larger of the two branches of the common iliac artery is the ________ artery.

The branch of the common iliac artery that enters the pelvic cavity is the ________ artery.

The vessels that receive blood from the ovaries or testes are the

Blood is drained from the liver by the

The ________ receives blood from the diaphragm.

Blood returns from the gallbladder by way of the ________ vein.

Arteries that supply the plantar portion of the foot branch from the posterior ________ artery.

the vein in the arm commonly sampled for blood by venipuncture is the ________ vein.

The ________ vein ascends along the ulnar side of the forearm.

The ________ vein ascends along the radial side of the forearm.

Blood from the medial border of the stomach is drained by the

Blood is drained from the lower portion of the large intestine by the

inferior mesenteric vein

Veins from the spleen, pancreas, and lateral border of the stomach unite to form the

The ________ collects blood from the entire small intestine and two-thirds of the large intestine.

superior mesenteric vein

Which of the following arteries is not a trunk?

The left and right coronary arteries originate at the

The brachiocephalic trunk delivers blood to

right arm, head and neck

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the muscles and other tissues of the neck, shoulder, and upper back is the

thyrocervical trunk

The fingers are supplied with blood by the ________ arteries.

An important pulse point in the neck on the lateral sides of the trachea is the

common carotid artery

Which blood vessel enters the brain through the carotid canal?

internal carotid artery

The internal carotid artery branches into the

The azygos vein is the major branch of the

superior vena cava

The gluteal, internal pudendal, obturator, and lateral sacral veins fuse to form the

internal iliac vein

The largest branches of the inferior vena cava are the

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