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MPO Groups and Teams

Terms in this set (43)

Group
Two or more freely interacting individuals who share norms and goals as well as a common identity
Formal Group
Assigned by organizations to accomplish specific goals
Informal Group
Members' overriding purpose for meeting is friendship or a common interest
Can Formal and Informal groups overlap?
Yes
Two broad functions of Formal Groups
1. Organizational
2. Individual
Organizational Functions:
1. Accomplish complex, interdependent tasks that are beyond the capabilities of individuals
2. Generate new or creative ideas and solutions
3. Coordinate interdepartmental efforts
4. Provide a problem-solving mechanism for complex problems requiring varied information and assessments
5. Implement complex decisions
6. Socialize and train newcomers
Individual Functions:
1. Satisfy the individual's need for affiliation
2. Develop, enhance, and confirm the individual's self-esteem and sense of identity
3. Give individuals an opportunity to test and share their perceptions of social reality
4. Reduce the individual's anxieties and feelings of insecurity and powerlessness
5. Provide a problem-solving mechanism for personal and interpersonal problems
What is a role?
A set of expected behaviors for a particular position
What is a group role?
A set of expected behaviors for members of the group as a whole
Individuals will have _____ roles
Multiple
Task roles keep the _____ on track
Group
Task roles include:
- Initiator
- Information seeker/giver
- Opinion seeker/giver
- Elaborator
- Coordinator
- Orienter
- Evaluator
- Energizer
- Procedural technician
- Recorder
Maintenance roles keep the _____ together
Group
Maintenance roles include:
- Encourager
- Harmonizer
- Compromiser
- Gatekeeper
- Standard setter
- Commentator
- Follower
Roles refer to:
- the individual level
- pertain to a specific job or situation
Norms refer to:
- Shared phenomena
- Apply to a group, team, or organization level
What is a norm?
An attitude, opinion, feeling, or action shared by two or more people that guides behavior
Norms are reinforced for purposes including:
- Group/organization survival
- Clarification of behavioral expectations
- Avoidance of embarrassment
- Clarification of central values
Group Development Process (Stages)
Tuckman's Model
Group Development Process (Radical Response to an Event)
Punctuated Equilibrium
Tuckman's Model (Remember the Titans)
1) Forming
2) Storming
3) Norming
4) Performing
5) Adjourning
Stage 1: Forming
- "Ice-breaking" stage, uncertain/anxious about things such as their roles, group goals, and people in charge
- mutual trust is low, good deal of holding back to see who takes charge and how
Stage 2: Storming
- Time of testing
- Individuals try to determine how they fit into the power structure
- Procrastination may occur
Stage 3: Norming
- A respected member, other than the leader, challenges the group to resolve power struggles and questions about authority and power are resolved
- Group becomes cohesive
- Increasing team member interactions and interdependence of work tasks help overcome conflict
Stage 4: Performing
- Activity is focused on problem solving
- Contributors get work done without hampering others
- Climate of open communication
- Strong cooperation
- Great deal of helping behavior
Stage 5: Adjourning
- Work is done
- Time to move on to other things
- Return to independence
Punctuated Equilibrium
- Groups establish periods of stable functioning until an event causes a dramatic change in norms, roles, and/or objectives
- The group then establishes and maintains new norms
Examples of Punctuated Equilibrium:
- Disruptive technologies, such as the introduction of iTunes
- Walmart's low-price approach to big box retailing
What is a Team?
A small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable
A work team has:
a well defined and common purpose that is more or less permanent
A group becomes a team when:
1. Leadership becomes a shared activity
2. Accountability shifts from strictly individual to both individual and collective
3. The group develops its own purpose or mission
4. Problem solving becomes a way of life, not a part-time activity
5. Effectiveness is measured by the group's collective outcomes and products
Teams are:
Task Groups that have matured to the performing stage
5 Common Teamwork Competencies:
1. Contributes to the team's work
2. Constructively interacts with team members
3. Keeps team on track
4. Expects quality work
5. Possesses relevant knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) for team's responsibilities
Characteristics of Team Players:
1. Committed
2. Collaborative
3. Competent
What is Social Loafing?
The tendency for individuals to put forth less of an effort when working in a group than when working alone.
How to prevent social loafing:
Limit group size, assure equity of effort, hold people accountable, offer hybrid rewards
What is team building?
A host of techniques aimed at improving the internal functioning of work groups that strive for:
-Greater cooperation
-Better communication
-Less dysfunctional conflict
Steps to facilitating effective team building:
1. Break the ice
2. Don't reinvent the wheel
3. Communicate a purpose and plan
4. Play to strengths
5. Clarify decision making
6. Information is essential; make it flow
Pros of Virtual Teams:
- Reduced real estate costs
- Ability to leverage diverse KSAs over geography and time
- Ability to share knowledge of diverse markets
- Reduced commuting and travel expenses
- Reduced work-life conflicts
- Ability to attract and retain talent
Cons of Virtual Teams:
- Difficult to establish cohesion, work satisfaction, trust, cooperative behavior, and commitment to team goals
- Cultural differences
- Differences in local laws and customs
- Lack of nonverbal cues
- Lack of collegiality
Characteristics of High-Performing Teams:
1. Participative leadership
2. Shared responsibility
3. Aligned on purpose
4. High communication
5. Future focused
6. Focused on task
7. Creative talents
8. Rapid response
The 3 Cs of Effective Teambuilding are:
1) Composition
2) Capacity
3) Charters and strategies
The Ideal size of a team is _____ members of less.
10
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