Biochemistry Flashcards

Organic compound
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Terms in this set (33)
Organic compound
a compound that has both carbon and hydrogen in it (C2H6, C6H12O6, and CH4)
Inorganic compound
a compound that does NOT have BOTH carbon and hydrogen in it (NaCl, H2O, and CO2)
Carbohydrate
a compound that has carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio; important for energy (Glucose or sucrose or starch)
Lipid
a compound that has carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but not in definite ratio. Important for energy storage and insulation, and makes up all cell membranes (Cholesterol or fat)
Protein
a compound made of polypeptides, composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and a little sulfur. Important for enzymes, structure, antibodies, hormones. (Hemoglobin, collagen)
Nucleic Acid
a compound made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous, important in genetics (DNA and RNA)
Dehydration Synthesis
a reaction that puts together molecules; adds monomers together to make polymers (Monosaccharide plus Monosaccharide combines to make a disaccharide)
Hydrolysis
a reaction that breaks apart molecules; takes polymers and breaks them into monomers (Disaccharide is broken into 2 monosaccharide)
Monosaccharide
a simple sugar - just one ring (Glucose)
Disaccharide
two sugars together 2 rings (Sucrose)
Polysaccharidemany sugars put together - many rings (Cellulose, starch., glycogen)Starcha polysaccharide found only in plantsGlycogena polysaccharide found in animals, sometimes called animal starch - stored in liverCellulosea polysaccharide found only in plants - surrounds cell wallsAmino acidthe building blocks of proteinsNucleotidethe building blocks of nucleic acids, composed of 1 sugar, 1 base, and 1 phosphateDipeptidetwo amino acids put together, they are joined by a peptide bondGlycerolone of the building block of lipids; the backbone of a lipidFatty Acidone of the building blocks of lipids; three of these make up the side chains of a lipidamino groupcarbon dioxidefatty acidwaterdisaccharidemethyl groupdipeptidecarboxyl groupamino acidglycerolglucose, monosaccharidefat, lipidnucleotidehydroxl group