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Chapter 10/11 AB Review Practice

Terms in this set (52)

trisomy
A person whose cells all contain a chromosome number of 2n+1 most likely has what type of condition?
varies considerably from 2 to over 1000 in different species.
The number of chromosomes in diploid eukaryotic cells
new membrane and cell wall materials begin to grow and form a septum.
The division of a bacterial cell occurs as the:
forming a cleavage furrow that pinches the cell into two.
Animal cells typically achieve cytokinesis by:
Cytokinesis
The stage of the cell cycle during which the cytoplasm divides to form two cells is called:
G1
The portion of the cell cycle when the cell is growing and does not contain a replicated genome is referred to as:
interphase
What is the portion of the cell cycle during which the chromosomes are invisible under the light microscope because they are not yet condensed?
32
If a cell has 32 chromosomes prior to S and undergoes mitosis followed by cytokinesis, each new daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?
The homologous chromosomes have all been copied through DNA replication and are beginning to condense.
Consider the cell cycle of a human cell. During G2, what is the state of the homologous chromosomes?
That chromosome would not be able to bind to the mitotic spindle.
If a chromosome contains a mutation such that it cannot bind to the kinetochore complex, what would be the consequence?
binary fission
In bacterial cell division, the cell divides into two nearly equal halves. This process is referred to as:
Prometaphase
During this stage of mitosis, the chromosomes become attached to the spindle at their kinetochores.
telophase
What stage of mitosis is essentially the reverse of prophase?
If they cannot, it suggests that they aren't properly attached to the spindle microtubules, and thus won't separate properly during anaphase.
Why is it so important that all of the chromosomes align on the metaphase plate during metaphase?
Telophase
This stage of mitosis is characterized by the disassembly of spindle apparatus, the reestablishment of the nuclear membrane, and the decondensation of the chromosomes:
Nucleosomes
The accommodation of the very long DNA strands that are part of a chromosome into the limited space of the nucleus is achieved by coiling the DNA around beads of histones into repeating subunits. These DNA-wrapped histones are called:
G1 to S to G2 to mitosis to cytokinesis
What is the sequence of events in a typical eukaryotic cell cycle?
16
If there are 32 sister chromatids in a normal somatic cell, how many chromosomes are there?
8
If there are 32 sister chromatids in a normal somatic cell, what is the haploid number for that cell?
Anaphase
The stage of mitosis characterized by the physical separation of sister chromatids is called:
Chromatin
Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of a complex of 60% protein and 40% DNA. This complex is referred to as:
G1/S and G2/M
At what checkpoint(s) does the cell arrest in response to DNA damage?
the centromere
The point of constriction on chromosomes that contains certain repeated DNA sequences that bind specific proteins is called:
proteins that double-stranded DNA molecules wrap around in eukaryotes.
A scientist wants to study histones. Histones are:
forming a cell plate across the middle of the cell.
Plant cells typically achieve cytokinesis by:
40
A somatic cell from a corn plant normally contains 20 chromosomes. How many sister chromatids would that cell contain during G2 of the cell cycle?
0
A somatic cell from a garden pea normally contains 14 chromosomes. How many sister chromatids would that cell contain during G1 of the cell cycle?
sister chromatids
Before cell division of somatic cells, each chromosome must be replicated. After replication, the resulting two parts of each chromosome are held together by cohesin at the centromere. These two parts are referred to as:
homologous chromosomes
The two copies of each type of chromosome found in normal somatic (body) cells in an organism, throughout the cell cycle, are called:
20
A cell biologist produces a karyotype of mouse somatic cells arrested in mitosis. She sees 40 chromosomes, which is completely normal for mice. Based on this information, what is the haploid number of chromosomes for mice?
S, G2, prophase, metaphase
During what stages of the cell cycle are sister chromatids bound together by cohesin?
G1 + G2 + S
Interphase is made up of what stages of the cell cycle?
S
A duplicate copy of all of the hereditary information contained in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells is made during what stage of the cell cycle?
G2
This stage of the cell cycle is characterized by growth and it contains a checkpoint to verify that all of the DNA has been replicated prior to mitosis.
Zygote
The cell produced by the fusion of an egg and a sperm is the
synapsis
The pairing of chromosomes along their lengths, which is essential for crossing over, is referred to as
crossing over
Chromosomes exchange genetic information by
synapsis of homologous chromosomes
Which of the following events occurs first during meiosis?
The cells that result from meiosis I are haploid, and each chromosome consists of 2 chromatids.
Which best explains the process of meiosis?
prophase I
Crossing over between homologous chromosomes takes place during
During the reductive division, sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
Which statement about the reductive division of meiosis is false?
chiasmata
Which structures indicate where crossing over has occurred?
M and M to one pole; P and P to the other pole.
During anaphase I, which best represents segregation of the chromatids that make up one pair of homologues? (M represents a maternal chromatid and P represents a paternal chromatid. Assume no crossing over occurs.)
Meiosis
______ is a process of nuclear division which reduces the number of chromosomes per cell from 2 sets to 1 set.
Produce 4 daughter cells that are genetically different from each other.

Produce 4 daughter cells that are genetically different from the original parental cell.

Reduce the number of chromosomes per cell from 10 to 5.
A cell biologist examines a skin cell from a lizard during metaphase of mitosis and determines that 20 chromatids are present. The role of meiosis in this species is to
Mitosis
Which of the following produces new cells that are genetically identical to the original cell?
anaphase II of meiosis

anaphase of mitosis
Sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell during
prophase II
What immediately follows meiosis I?
12
You are studying meiosis in an organism where 2n=24. How many chromosomes will each nucleus have after meiosis II is complete?
Crossing over takes place between sister chromatids.
Which of the following statements about crossing over is false?
failure of 1 homologous pair to segregate during meiosis.
In 95% of cases of Down's syndrome, there is one extra chromosome (number 21) in every cell. This aneuploid condition is most likely the result of
Gametes
All animal cells are diploid except
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