The Blood system

What are the functions of the Blood system?

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What are the functions of the Blood system?

-transport nutrients, oxygen (O2), hormones, and other materials to all parts of the body.

-transports waste products such as carbon dioxide (CO2) away from body cells.

-helps regulate body temperature (i.e. if you are sweating from exercising.

-helps maintain stability of the body's fluid volume.

What are the Structures of the blood system?

-blood

*after birth, about 1000 billion blood cells are created in bone marrow per day.
*bone marrow is the site of hematopoieses
(adults-flat bones, humerus and femur)
*newborns have red bone marrow which is replaced by yellow bone marrow from 8-18 years of age.

-blood composition

What are the structures in Blood Composition for the FLUID PORTION (PLASMA)?

-WATER
-PROTEINS
-SALTS
-NUTRIENTS
-VITAMINS
-HORMONES

What are the structures in Blood Composition for the CELLULAR PORTION (BLOOD CELLS, ETC)

-Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
-"erythr(o) + cytes = erythrocytes (red + cell = RBCs)
-White Blood Cells (WBCs)
-platelets

-Bi-concaves structure maximizes the RBC surface area to allow more hemoglobin (acquires more O2)

-Hemoglobin is a protein that is essential to transport oxygen

-live 120 days and dies in the liver. the spleen breaks down RBCs into reusable forms

-the number of RBCs vary by gender

How do RBCs vary by gender?

Since testosterone requires more muscle, muscles require more cels; therefore, muscles need more energy.

there are higher number of RBCs for Children due to growth and development.

the higher the altitude=the higher the RBCs (RBC have a harder time picking-up O2 at higher elevations.

-thrombocytes; cell fragments in the blood that are essential for blood clotting (coagulation)

thromb(o) +cytes = thrombocytes; (clot+ cell = clotting cell)

assists in blood clotting

lives for 10 days

Plasma Proteins:

Types:

-Albumin
-Globulin
-Fibrinogen
-Prothrombin

***Platelets + Prothrombin + fibrinogen work together to clot (i.e. repair a tear in a blood vessel)

protein responsible for keeping fluid in the bloodstream so it doesn't leak into other tissue causing swelling (i.e. some patients with HTN, have small tears in the blood vessel walls allowing fluid to leak out. Patient may be given meds to keep fluid in the vessels.)

protein that carries lipids, iron, and copper