Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Biology Test 3 - Module 6,7,8

Terms in this set (76)

nasal conchae
3 bony ridges covered in mucus in the nose
Pharynx
connects the nasal and oral cavities as is commonly referred to as the throat
Larynx
(voicebox) sits right on top of the trachea and houses the vocal cords
Glottis
the opening or slit in the vocal cords which vibrates as air passes through, producing sound
Trachea
The windpipe; a passage through which air moves in the respiratory system.
Bronchi
The passages that direct air into the lungs
Bronchioles
smallest branches of the bronchi
Alveoli
the site of gas exchange and increases the surface area of the lungs. Allows for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and surrounding capillary beds.
Lungs
A pair of spongey, cone-shaped, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest that occupy the thoracic cavity, except for a central area that contains the trachea, the thymus gland, the heart, and the esophagus.
Diaphragm
a sheet of skeletal muscle that when relaxed is dome-shaped but flattens out as it contracts. When contracts it enables air to enter the lungs, flattening allowed for more air to fill the thoracic cavity.
Intercostal Muscles
several groups of muscles that run between the ribs and help form and move the chest wall
inhilation
A phase in which the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles contract
Exhalation
the elastic properties of the thoracic wall and lungs that cause them to recoil
Active breathing
the intercostal muscles will help force the air out of your lungs and lower the rib cage down forcefully
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
Asthma
disease of the bronchi and bronchioles that is marked by wheezing, breathlessness, and sometimes a cough and expectoration of mucus
Air Pathway
Nasal Cavity - Pharynx - Larynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli
Tidal Volume
Amount of air inhaled and exhaled at rest (-0.5 liters)
Vital Capacity
Maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out during a single breath
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
all the air that you can take into your lungs (biggest breath possible)
Expiratory Reserve Volume
exhaling past a normal breath out
residual volume
1 liter of air that keeps the lungs inflated after a deep breath out
olfactory epithelium
a thin layer of tissue, within the nasal cavity, that contains the receptors for smell
12 Million
How many olfactory receptor cells do humans have? Hint they can detect approximately 10,000 odors
Osmoregulation
the maintenance of the appropriate balance of water and salt in the blood
Metabolic Water
refers to water created inside a living organism through their metabolism, by oxidizing energy-containing substances in their food.
Kidneys
two organs about the size of a fist located near your lower back that filter your blood
Ureters
conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder via peristalsis
Bladder
stores urine until it is expelled from the body. The bladder wall is expandable and has two folds of rugae that add surface area
Urethra
Small tube that extends from the bladder
250
When the urinary bladder fills to about ________ mL with urine, stretch receptors send sensory nerve impulses to the spinal cord
Bowman's Capsule
the closed end of the nephron forms a cup-like structure
Glomerulus
knot of capillaries
afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole
Blood enters the glomerulus through an ___________ and leaves through an ________
proximal convoluted tubule
the next stop after the bowman's capsule is the
Loop of Henle
the tube then straightens out and goes through
Distal convoluted tubule
It then travels back up to the ______ which is also very twisted
1.5 quarts
The Kidneys process how much blood per minute, filtering out wastes.
Glomerular Filtration
Occurs when blood enters the glomerulus
Output
Solid waste or disposal; example - throwing away paper coffee cup
Input
decreasing consumption or waste reduction; example - taking personal mug for coffee
Throughput
recycling; example - taking plastics, paper, glass, etc. to the recycle center
recycling
the process to change waste materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy stage, reduce air pollution and water pollution, by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to plastic production
Biodegradation
the chemical dissolution of materials by bacteria or other biological means
Point source Pollution
any single identifiable source of pollution from which pollutants are discharged, such as a pipe, ditch, ship or factory smokestack
non-point source pollution
refers to both water and air pollution from diffuse sources.
water pollution
the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities
Mitosis
The process in which cells split, forming two identical cells, each with their own nucleus
Meiosis
Cells divide but the process also introduces in genetic diversity
Gametes
Organisms that carry out sexual reproduction must produce these sex cells that unite with each other during fertilization
Testes
a pair of sperm-producing organs that maintain the health of the male reproductive system also known as gonads
Epididymis
sperm are then stored in
vas deferens
tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra
seminal vesicles
two glands at the base of the bladder produce fructose which is an energy source
prostate gland
surrounds the upper portion of the urethra just below the bladder. Adds fluid to nourish sperm
bulbourethral glands
Pair of glands that lie underneath the prostate gland and secretions help neutralize the acidity of semen
Testosterone
the main sex hormone in males and is essential to the normal development and functioning of organs and also stimulates the formation of sperm
Ovaries
The female sex glands that store the ova and produce female sex hormones
Oocytes
immature eggs
Oviducts
fallopian tubes/ the site of fertilization for the egg
Uterus
thick walled organ where the egg implants and grows and develops into a baby if fertilized
endometrium
inner lining of the uterus
corpus
body of the uterus
Cervix
lower end/opening of the uterus
vaginal canal
lies below the cervix and is the site where sperm are deposited during intercourse. Birth also occurs through this
Oogenesis (ovarian cycle)
the creation of an egg cell and is the female equivalent of spermatogenesis in males
Oogonia
cells inside the ovaries that are responsible for the production of primary oocytes
primary oocytes
immature eggs
follicle
contains one primary oocyte and the surrounding cell layer for protection
700,000
A female is born with all the ovarian follicles she will ever have
Polar Body
a small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded
zygote
fertilized egg
Pathway of the egg
Ovary - Oviduct - Uterus - Cervical Canal - Vaginal Canal - Exit the Body
endometriosis
caused by the presence of endometrial like tissue at locations outside the uterine cavity
polycystic ovary syndrome
a condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by incompletely developed follicles
Colustrum
produced in the first three days, clear-yellow fluid that contains antibodies
Other sets by this creator