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Populations exam 1

Terms in this set (47)

What are the three demographic processes?
fertility, mortality, and migration
What are the three branches of demography?
Formal, social, and population studies
What is formal demography?
measures demographic outcomes based on demographic variables

(e.g. how a growing population effects mortality rates)
What is social demography
measures demographic outcomes based on non-demographic variables
(E.g. gay men's effect on population size)
What is population studies?
Measure non-demographic outcomes estimated by demographic variables
(E.g. how high birth rates effect election years)
What are the implications of a water shortage?
higher mortality rate, low crop yeilds, civil unrest
What is demographic destiny?
"demography is destiny" is an adage used to describe how demographic trends have future implications on an area

Some say Comte wrote this
Why does china have an increase in sex work?
High ratios of males to females make the demand for sex work really high
What is meant by "majority minority"
Less than 50% of the group is non-hispanic white
Why did the neolithic agrarian period see a minor decrese in mortality?
Improvement in living condition
improvement in nutrition
What were the birth and death rates during the industrial revolution?
Rapid decrease in mortality, very slow decrease in birth rates (major increase in population)
What is the fertility and mortality trends of the modern earth?
Declining fertility and stable mortality
When was the highest growth rate ever recorded?
1965-70
An idea, rationale, or explaination about how the world works
Theory
Who created the demographic transition theory?
Warren S. Thompson and Frank W. Notestein
What is stage one of the DTT characterized by?
High fertility and high mortality
What is stage two of the DTT characterized by?
High fertility, decreasing mortality
What is stage three of the DTT characterized by?
Low mortality, decreasing fertility
What is stage four of the DTT characterized by?
low mortality, decreasing fertility
What is the reason behind morality reduction in western countries?
increase access to medicine, scientific agriculture, improved transportation systems, public sanitationsustained reduction in infant mortality, decline in traditional religious beliefs which supported high fertility norms, urbanization
Reasons behind fertility reductions of non-western countries
modernity and socioeconomic development, contraception and birth control, sustained reduction in infant mortality
What are some fertilitiy theories discussed in class
Wealth flows theory
Human ecological theory
What is the mortality theory discussed in class?
Epidemiological transition theory
What is the main migration theory factors discussed in class?
Push/Pull factors
What are some factors that influence fertility factors?
marriage rates
equality for women
cost of childcare/child rearing
What is meant by the "second demographic transition"
The contemperary below replacement level CBR in europe and asia
What are the 7 ways a census is regulated?
1.Sponsorship by national government
2.Defined territory
3.Universality - include everyone on either de jureorde factobasis
4.Simultaneity - a fixed day, hour, and moment becomes the chronological dividing line for inclusion or exclusion.
5. Individuals are counted, not groups
6.Compilation and publication of the data must occur
7.Defined periodicity - conduct the census in a year as close as possible to one ending in "0" (note-in the U.K., Canada and Australia conduct the census with years ending in "1")
What is the difference between De Jure and De Facto enumeration
De Jure means normal place of residence

De Facto is litterally where you are on the day that the population was counted
WHat is the American Community survey?
Its an annual survey given to 1% of the population in mainland US and Puerto Rico.

more of an estimate not a official count. Used to extrapolate demographic proccesses
Why is the census important socially?
Congressional districts, civil and voting rights, appoortionment of house of representatives.
Whats the group in the US driving most of the population growth?
minorities
What are vital statistics?
The vital statistics include births, deaths, marriages and divorces, spontaneous fetal deaths, and abortions.
How would you define a birth?
a live birth - expulsion of the fetus from the mother, seperation of the umbilical cord, showing signs of life.
How would you define a death?
The permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at any time after a live birth has taken place. Death can only occur if a live birth is taken place.
What is the most undercounted group of people globaly?
children under the age of five
What are 6 reasons why some children are unregistared?
Poverty
remote locations
lack of info on how to register
gender inequality
cultural reasons
government reasons
Who came up with segmented assimilation
rumbaut and portes
who came up with new assimilation theory
Alba and Nee
Who came up with spatial assimilation theory
doug massey
What is pluralistic assimilation?
integration w/o destorying heritage
What are the two age dependancy ratio formulas?
15-64 are people you can depend on

people over 65 are aged dependancy ratio

people 14 and younger is the child dependency ratio

(number of people 0-14, + number of people 65+) / (number of people 15-64) = dependency ratio
John stuart Mill
Standard of living determines fertility levels
DUmont
More children = lower social class, so people would have less kids to move up in the world
durkheim
collective consciouness and anomie, talked about increase of job specialization over time
John Graunt
Bills of Mortality
Life table
saw females lived longer than maes
rural to urban migration
social factors impacting fertility
women in the workforce
governmental assistance
median age for marriage
3 factors of sexuality
identity behavior and attraction/desire
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