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AP Hug Unit 3- Ch. 4, 5, 6, 7

Terms in this set (48)

Folk Culture
Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.
Popular Culture
Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.
Hearth
The region from which innovative ideas originate
Folk culture origins
usually anonymous and rooted in tradition and are often found in rural or isolated indigenous communities
Popular culture origins
typically traceable to a specific person or corporation in a particular place. Often a product of developed Western countries
Ethnocentrism
Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.
Cultural Landscape
the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape
Appropriation
A situation where a dominant culture takes expression, idea, etc. from the oppressed.
-Uses it for its own benefit.
Assimilation
The process by which people lose originally differentiating traits, when they come into contact with another society or culture
Acculturation
When a minority group adopts some cultural traits of another culture while keeping and adding parts of their traditions
Syncretism
The blending of traits from two different cultures to make a new culture
-Food fusion restaurants
Distance decay
Likelihood of diffusion decreases with time and distance from the hearth
Time-Space Compression
Cities and places are becoming more connected
Stimulus Diffusion
The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.
Contagious Diffusion
The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.
Hierarchical Diffusion
The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places
Relocation Diffusion
The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.
Examples of Popular Culture
Music hits, American clothing, High grossing movies
Examples of Folk Culture
Historic tunes, Cultural attire, local traditions and games
Language Family
A collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history
Language Family Map
Language Tree
Indo-European Language Branches
Germanic- English (west Germanic group), German, Dutch
Romance- Spanish, French, Portuguese,Italian
Balto-Slavic- Russian
Indo-Irania- Farsi, Hindi
Isolated Languages
A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family.

Ex. Basque (Pyrenees Mountains)
Diffusion of Romance Languages
Roman Empire, Colonization
Sread of English
Colonization, Popular Culture
lingua franca
A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages
Creole language
A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.
Preserving Languages
An attempt to help traditional and endangered languages survive through various means
World Religions map
Universalizing Religion
A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location.
Largest Universalizing Religions
Christianity, Islam, Buddhism
Branches of Christianity & Locations
Roman Catholic- Spain, France, Italy, South America
Protestant- England, Germany, North America (Mostly)
Eastern Orthodox- Greece, Russia, Eastern Europe
Christianity Map in the US
Christianity Map in the US Explained
Catholicism- Northeast (Irish/Italian), South & Southwest (Latin American)
Baptist- Southeastern (split from north pre-Civil War)
Lutheran- Minnesota, Dakotas (German/Scandinavian)
LDS/Mormon- Utah (Migrated from NY)
Methodist- West Virginia, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska
Amish- Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana
Branches of Islam & Locations
Sunni- North Africa, East Africa, Saudi Arabia, Syria
Shiite- Iran, Iran (Partially)
Branches of Buddhism & Locations
Mahayana- China
Theravada- Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar
Ethnic Religion
a religion that is particular to one culturally distinct group of people
Ethnic Religion Examples
Hinduism and Judaism
Animism
Folk religions where plants, stones, or natural events are 'animated' and/or have discrete spirits
Abrahamic Religions
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Monotheistic
Originated in Southwest Asia
Place an emphasis on Jerusalem
Ethnicity
Identity with a group of people twho share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth
Race
Identity with a group of people who are perceived to share a physiological trait, such as skin color
Nationality
Identity with a group of people who share legal attachment to a particular country
Ethnic Cleansing
Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region
Centrifugal Force
a force that divides people and countries
Centripetal Force
An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state
Ethnic Enclaves
locations with a high concentration of one specific ethnicity
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