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Periodic Table

Terms in this set (43)

Group 1
Alkali metals.
Group 2
Alkaline earth metals
Groups 3-12
transition metals
metalloids
Found along the 'staircase'. Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
nonmetals
brittle , dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity
Proton
Positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
Neutron
A subatomic particle that is neutral and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
Electron
A tiny, negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom.
Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element
Mass Number
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus
Periodic table
A chart of all chemical elements currently known, organized by their properties.
Element
pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
atom
the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
periods
horizontal rows on the periodic table
groups
vertical columns on the periodic table that have common properties
metal
shiny, malleable, ductile and good conductors
malleable
able to be hammered into thin sheets
ductile
can be pulled into long wires
conductivity
the ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object
reactivity
the ease and speed with which an element combines or reacts with other elements and compounds
alkali metals
very reactive, not found alone in nature, react violently with water
alkaline earth metals
hard, grey-white, good conductors of electricity, calcium and magnesium are examples
Transition metals
most are hard and shiny, less reactive, examples are iron, copper, nickel and gold
lanthanides
the first period below the periodic table, they are mixed with more common metals to form alloys
alloy
a mixture of a metal with at least one other element- strengthens the structure
actinides
the period below lanthanides, very unstable
synthetic elements
not found naturally on earth, all elements higher than 92
Thomson
discovered the electron
Bohr
discovered that electrons follow an orbit/shell
Chadwick
discovered the neutron
Rutherford
discovered the proton
Dalton
discovered that atoms of the same element have the same mass
Covalent bond
the sharing of electrons
Ionic bond
the transfer of electrons
Ion
forms when an atom loses or gains an electron
Isotope
the protons remain the same as the atomic number, but the neutrons do not
Mendeleev
created one of the first periodic tables by using atomic mass
Noble gases
elements in group 18 that have complete outer shells
Halogen
Means "salt producer" also group 17
Valence electrons
subatomic particles that are located the farthest away from the nucleus- determine bonding
Carbon 14
used in finding the age of an artifact
Radioactive isotopes
are unstable
Period number
is the amount of energy levels (shells) an atom has
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