Cell Quiz

prokaryotic cell
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Terms in this set (43)
prokaryotic cell
A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
bacterial cell wall
composed of peptidoglycan
Image: bacterial cell wall
Mesosome
In a bacterium, plasma membrane that folds into the cytoplasm and increases surface area.
Image: Mesosome
Nucleoid
A non-membrane-bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is concentrated. NO HISTONES
Image: Nucleoid
Plasmid
A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of the bacterial chromosome
Image: Plasmid
Eukaryotic cells
Larger, complex, with nucleus, membrane bound organelles, DNA tightly wrapped around histone proteins in chromosomes, cellulose in plant cell walls.
animal cell
A small living part of a multicellular organism that eats to gain energy and reproduces sexually.
Image: animal cell
Centrioles
Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only
Image: Centrioles
Chromosomes
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Nucleoplasm
Fluid inside the nucleus
Nucleoliswhere ribosomes are madenucleo membranedouble, semipermeableNucleoporeis the tiny hole in the nuclear membrane, allows the movement of nucleic acids and proteins in/out of the cell.Lysosomescell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cellSmooth ERThat portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes. Makes lipidsMitochondriaAn organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.microvillusOne of many fine, finger-like projections of the epithelial cells in the lumen of the small intestine that increase its surface area.Golgi apparatusstack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulumcell membranethe semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.Rough ERA network of interconnected membranous sacs in a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm; covered with ribosomes that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins.CytoplasmA jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspendedRibosomessite of protein synthesisCytoskeletonA network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movementplant cellA small living part of a multicellular organism that makes its own food in chloroplast and reproduces sexually or asexually.cell wallA rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.Permanent vacuoleFilled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgidCelluloseA substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organismschloroplastsorganelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesiscytoplasmic membraneA phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins that surrounds the cytoplasm and defines the boundary of the cellPeroxisomesContain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicalsPlasmodesmatachannels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cellsbi-lipid layerPhosphate head is water loving. Lines up with the water in the cytoplasm (inside cell) and the water in the extracellular fluid (outside of the cell) The Tails are water fearing, they hide in the middle of the membrane away from the water.periferal proteinsassist communication processes between receptive proteinsintergal proteinspenetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayertransport proteinsallow passage of hydrophilic substances across the membranechannel proteinsprovide corridors that allow a specific molecule or ion to cross the membraneGated proteinOpens a "gate" to allow a molecule that binds it in, ex. Glucose and sodiumligandA molecule that binds specifically to another molecule, usually a larger one.GlycoproteinsMembrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to proteins.GlycolipidsMembrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to lipids.glycocalyxThe external surface of a plasma membrane that is important for cell-to-cell communicationsurface proteinsA protein that resides primarily on the inner or outer surface of the phospholipid bilayer which constitutes the plasma membrane of the cell.filaments of cytoskeletondynamic meshwork. provides shape and organization.