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CDP: Abdominal Radiography

Terms in this set (42)

What is seen on KUB?
kidney, ureter, bladder (flat plate of the abdomen)
______ is an x-ray to evaluate pt with abdominal pain or trauma, and can also demonstrate pathological conditions of the urinary or GI systems
KUB
What can be found with KUB?
-kidney stones
-intestinal obstruction
-soft tissue masses
-ruptured viscus (free air)
KUB (does/does not) use contrast
does not
Which kidney is usually a little lower than the other?
left
Abdomen/KUB (AP) Supine Laying Down shows _______, ________, ________
-bowel
-soft tissue
-bones
Upright Abdomen (PA) Standing is used to show ___________ & helps with diagnosing _________
-air/fluid levels within the bowel
-mechanical small bowel obstructions
Chest (PA) Standing helps to look for _____________; also can show intrathoracic disorders that may be causing abdominal pain (ex: lower lobe pneumonia or pleural effusions)
free air under the diaphragm (pneumoperitoneum)
Which diaphragm is normally higher, the right or left?
right
Free air below the diaphragm usually indicates ________
obstruction
Abdominal _________ uses sound waves to produce pictures of the structures within the upper abdomen
US
What is abdominal US used for?
-to help dx pain or distention (enlargement)
-evaluate the kidneys, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, spleen, & abdominal aorta
IVP (does/does not) use contrast
does
IVP has largely been replaced by _______, as it gives you a lot more info
CT
What is IVP used to look at?
kidneys, ureter, bladder
Barium enema (does/does not) use contrast
does
When is barium enema CI?
acute abdominal pain
When is barium enema indicated?
-chronic abdominal pain
-bloody stools
-IBD
-CA
-volvulus
-colon obstruction
What does prep for barium enema entail?
long prep - (day before) clear liquids only, mag citrate, dulcolax, (day of) bisacodyl suppository or enema
What should you be suspicious of if you see an apple core lesion on barium enema?
cancer
Which sign on barium enema would make you suspect ulcerative colitis?
lack of haustral folds in LI
What can you see with lower GI Barium Contrast Studies?
-colon
-distal small bowel
-occasionally appendix
Upper GI series is a contrast-enhanced X-ray series which provides visualization of the mucosa of ________, ________, & ________ lumens
-esophageal
-gastric
-duodenum
When is an upper GI series indicated?
-upper abdominal pain
-dyspepsia
-dysphagia
-early satiety
-suspected gastroduodenal obstruction
When is an upper GI series CI?
-complete bowel obstruction
-unstable vitals
-uncooperative pt
What is an abdominal CT used for?
-evaluate abdominal organs & pelvis
-to guide needles during bx & aspiration of fluids
-staging known neoplasms
-monitor abdominal disease with serial imaging
Abdominal CT (can/cannot) be enhanced with IV contrast
can
When is abdominal CT CI?
-no contrast to ppl with shellfish or iodine allergies
-caution with dye in renal failure
-obese ppl may be too heavy for bed
In a child with pyloric stenosis, which sign would you expect to see on abdominal US?
donut sign
Intestinal malrotation is a congenital abnormal position of the bowel within the peritoneal cavity secondary to an arrest of normal rotation of any part of the intestinal tract during the ________ trimester of embryonic development.
first
Malrotation is accompanied by abnormal bowel fixation, resulting in a narrow-based attachment of the _________ & the presence of abnormal __________
-mesentery
-peritoneal bands (Ladd's bands)
Abnormalities seen with malrotation lead to increased risks of ________ & ________
-bowel obstruction
-midgut volvulus
Malrotation with ________ is a true life-threatening emergency; delayed dx can lead to necrosis of the midgut
volvulus
volvulus
twisting of the intestine on itself
_________ is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children between the ages of 6 months & 2 years
intussusception
intussusception is the MC cause of intestinal obstruction in children between the ages of ______ & ______
-6 months
-2 years
What is the classic triad of intussusception?
-intermittent crampy abdominal pain
-vomiting
-bloody stools ("currant jelly")
What sign would you expect to see on abdominal US in a pt with intussusception?
Target sign
What is the gold standard for diagnosing intussusception?
contrast enema
What appearance does intussusception have on contrast enema?
coiled spring
What is the main absolute CI for a contrast enema?
perforation
Which imaging modality would be used for hydronephrosis?
abdominal US
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