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CDP: Radiology Case Studies

Terms in this set (39)

Gas pattern (intraluminal) refers to the gas pattern (within/outside) the GI system
within
extraluminal gas refers to the gas pattern (within/outside) the GI system
outside
What is the MC presentation of cholelithiasis?
RUQ or epigastric abdominal pain or discomfort, especially after a fat-rich meal
What is the Gold Standard for detection of gallstones?
US
With cholelithiasis, abdominal pain is often referred to the _________
right shoulder
What sign may be useful in distinguishing gallstones from esophagitis, gastritis, or duodenal ulcer in ~50% of patients?
Collins' sign
What is the MC renal stone?
calcium oxalate
Which type of renal stones are more frequently encountered in women?
struvite stones
99% of renal tract calculi are visible on a __________
non-contrast CT
_________ is frequently the first investigation of the urinary tract, & although by no means as sensitive as CT, it is often able to ID calculi
US
Patients with ________ fractures usually don't want to sit down & will usually take smaller steps when walking
pubic rami
Large bowel obstruction: Sx
patients may be asymptomatic or present with sx similar to a mechanical bowel obstruction, such as N/V, distention, & reduced or absent bowel movements. Bowel sounds may also be absent
Haustra (do/do not) do not transverse large bowel
do not
Which imaging modality is most sensitive for detecting small bowel obstructions?
CT
In developed countries, ________ are by far the MC cause of small bowel obstructions; in developing countries, __________ are much more common
-adhesions
-incarcerated hernias
Valvulae conniventes (do/do not) transverse the small bowel
do
In small bowel obstructions, ________ show dilation
valvulae conniventes
_________ is the MC cancer of the GI tract & the 2nd most frequently diagnosed malignancy in adults
colorectal carcinoma (CRC)
What are the modalities most frequently used for staging colorectal carcinoma (CRC)?
CT & MRI
colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tends to be a disease of the _________
elderly
What is the median age of dx of colorectal carcinoma (CRC)?
60-80 years old
colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is more common in (males/females)
males
98% of colorectal cancers are ___________
adenocarcinomas
colorectal carcinoma (CRC), 98% of which are adenocarcinomas, arise in the vast majority of cases from pre-existing ____________, which progressively undergo malignant transformation as they accumulate additional mutations
colonic adenomas (neoplastic polyps)
Where are most colorectal carcinoma (CRC) found?
recto-sigmoid colon
Diverticulitis is one of the presentations of diverticular disease & is most often a complication of __________
colonic diverticulosis
Why is differentiating diverticulitis from colonic diverticulosis critical?
uncomplicated diverticulosis is mostly asymptomatic, while acute diverticulitis is a potentially life-threatening illness
Sx of diverticulitis usually begin in the ___________ with unremitting pain & accompanying tenderness
left iliac fossa
__________ refers to when one segment of bowel is pulled into itself or a neighboring loop of bowel by peristalsis
intussusception
intussusception merits timely US examination & reduction to preclude significant sequelae, including __________
bowel necrosis
When occurring in the adult population, intussusception is usually caused by a __________ acting as a lead point
focal lesion
What is the classic triad of intussusception?
-intermittent abdominal pain
-vomiting
-RUQ mass

+occult or gross blood on rectal exam
________ has a false-negative rate approaching zero & is a reliable screening tool for children at low risk for intussusception
US
Children with classic findings of intussusception need to be investigated with ________, which is both diagnostic (the gold standard in the dx of intussusception) & therapeutic
constrast enema
What is the gold standard in the dx of intussusception?
contrast enema
The vast majority of intussusception occurs in children (95%), usually after the first _________
3 months of life
Which signs could you expect to see on US in a child with intussusception?
target sign or donut sign
What are the 3 types of condylar fractures of the femur?
-supracondylar fracture
-intercondylar fracture (T or Y-type)
-unicondylar (medial or lateral) fracture
Pilon Fracture
distal tibia fracture
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