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HIR2 Week 1

Terms in this set (60)

1979-1989
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
1991
START I signed
American Presidents order (with commas)
Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Nixon, Reagan
USSR Presidents order (with commas)
Lenin, Stalin, Krushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev
Stalin
Leader after Lenin's death
Krushchev
Leader after Stalin's death but rejected stalinism
Brezhnev
Signed several arms control treaties with the US (including the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty)
Gorbachev
Last leader of the USSR
Truman
Korean war
Eisenhower
Suez crisis
Kennedy
Cuban missile crisis
Nixon
SALT I talks and signing of Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
Reagan
"Mr Gorbachev, tear down this wall!"
1950-1953
Korean War
1961
Start construction Berlin Wall
1962
Cuban missile crisis
1973
US troops withdraw from Vietnam
1989
Demolition Berlin Wall
1954
Battle of Dien Pien Phu
1964
Gulf of Tonkin Incident
1965
First US troops in Vietnam
1968
Tet offensive
1922-1991
Soviet Union
1975
Helsinki Accords
Proxy War
a war in which opposing powers use third parties as substitutes for fighting each other directly
Sinatra Doctrine
Gorbachev's policy to allow states within the Soviet block to determine their own internal affairs.
containment
A geopolitical strategy to prevent the spread of communism
START
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
MAD
Mutually Assured Destruction
38th parallel north
border between North and South Korea prior to the Korean War
Gulf of Tonkin incident
North Vietnamese torpedo boats attacked a ship of the U.S. Navy
Marshall Plan
'European Recovery Programme', under which many European countries received more than $12 billion between 1948 and 1951
Brezhnev Doctrine
affirmed the right of the Soviet Union to intervene in the affairs of communist countries in order to protect communism
Truman doctrine
American policy to provide military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey, which was subsequently used to justify aid to any country perceived to be threatened by communism
Ho Chi Minh
Vietnamese Communist revolutionary who was president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) from 1945 to 1969
viet minh
Vietnamese, communist-led organization whose forces fought against the Japanese and the French in Indochina
Tet Offensive
attack launched by the NLF in South Vietnam in late January and early February 1968, which dramatically contradicted optimistic claims by the American government that the war had already been won
Henry Kissinger
political advisor who played a dominant role in US foreign policy in the late 1960s and 1970s and received the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating an end to the US role in the Vietnam War
domino theory
name of the theory suggesting that if one Southeast country fell to communism, many others would follow
détente
word often used to describe the easing of hostility between the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War
1975
end of the Vietnam War
Khrushchev
instigated the Cuban Missile Crisis by placing nuclear missiles in Cuba + wanted to pursue "peaceful coexistence" with the United States
Gorbachev
announced a unilateral withdrawal from Afghanistan
Lyndon B. Johnson
embarked upon a full-scale military intervention in Vietnam, that would cost the lives of 58,000 Americans and a far larger number of Vietnamese
Nixon
began to withdraw troops from Vietnam, a policy known as "Vietnamization"
countries supporting North Korea during the Korean War
USSR + China
countries supporting South Korea during the Korean War
The United States + The United Kingdom + Australia
+ The Netherlands
MAD
American doctrine of reciprocal deterrence resting on the US and the USSR each being able to inflict unacceptable damage on the other in retaliation for a nuclear attack.
The fall of Saigon
marked the end of the Vietnam War
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Was an army general and supreme commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe before he became President of the United States in 1953
CSCE
This was a multilateral forum for dialogue and negotiation between the East and the West.
It was concluded with the signing of the Helsinki Accords.
Henry Kissinger
He was appointed as national security advisor by US president Richard Nixon. His foreign policies are often characterized as 'realpolitik'. He negotiated with the North Vietnamese government for a ceasefire agreement and the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam.
Joseph Stalin
He transformed the Soviet Union into a major world power.
He was the chief architect of the totalitarian Soviet state.
He rejected the Bretton Woods arrangements.
Leonid Brezhnev
During his leadership, Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan
START
The treaty was signed by George H.W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev.
U.S. President Ronald Reagan proposed radical reductions in each superpower's existing stock of missiles.
The treaty entered into force after the Soviet Union dissolved.
The treaty set specific limits on how many different missiles signatories were allowed to keep.
Harry S. Truman
He made the decision to use the atomic bomb in Japan.
He decided to intervene in the Korean War.
The main purpose of his foreign policy was to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion, by financially or militarily supporting nations deemed threatened by Soviet communism.
Helsinki Accords
The declaration was signed by thirty-five states, in an attempt to reduce tension between the Soviet and Western blocs.
The document contained a number of key commitments on polito-military and economic issues.
The Helsinki Accords composed environmental and human rights dimensions.
Korean War
After the North Korean Peoples' Army invaded the Republic of Korea, the U.S. called on the Security Council to invoke the United Nations Charter.

Twenty-one member nations of the UN committed themselves to support South Korea.

A Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) was established on the border as both sides withdrew from their fighting positions.
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan undermined the détente between the United States and the Soviet Union.

The Soviet Union intervened in support of the new Afghan government in its conflict with anticommunist Muslim guerrillas.
The Brezhnev doctrine was used to justify the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

The intervention lasted for almost ten years.
iron curtain
non-physical boundaries diving Europe between the U.S and Soviet Union's spheres of influence
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