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Terms in this set (31)

T2DM sick day rules
- increase BM monitoring
- increase fluid intake 3L/day
- sugary drinks if cant eat
- sick day supplies
When is it recommended to add a second T2DM drug?
when HbA1c >58
MOa of thiazolidendiones
PPAR- gamma receptor AGONists, reduce peripheral insluin resistance
thiazolidinedione ADRs
weight gain
liver impairment
fluid retention
increase fracture risk
bladder cancer
DPP-4 inhibitors MOA
increase levels of incretins by inhibiting their breakdown
who are DPP-4 inhbitors useful in?
obese T2DM patients
which hormones decrease in stress response?
insulin
oestrogen
testosterone
what is the test for phaeochromocytoma
24hr urinary collection of metanephrines
When do you suspect degenerative cervical myelopathy?
elderly pt with limb neurology
causes for anterior mediastinal mass?
thyroid
thymus
terrible lymphadenopathy
teratoma
what is membranous glomerulonephritis?
glomerular basement membrane inflammed increasing permeability to proteins leading to nephrotic syndrome.

Occurs because immune complexes deposit under the epithelium and cause complement activation
what are the hallmarks of nephrotic synrome
proteinuria
hypoalbuminaemia
oedema
hyperlipedemia and lipiduria
What are the causes for formation of immune complexes in membranous glomerulonephropathy?
- idiopathic
- secondary to infection, malignancy, medications
what are the most common causative fractures for compartment syndrome?
- supracondyler
- tibial shaft
what is the purpose of bishops score?
predicts whether induction of labour is required
what is indicated for cervical ripening and labour induction?
vaginal PGE2
What is Leriche syndrome?
Atherosclerotic aorto-iliac occlusion triad:
•Claudication
•Erectile dysfunction
•atrophy of leg muscle
Angiography first line
ciclosporin SE
increase everything
what kind of cancer does achlasia increase the risk of?
squamous cell carcinoma
what is the most common ECG change in PE?
sinus tachycardia
when do you give VTE prophylaxis in surgery?
6-12 hours after surgery
What is the parkland formula for fluid in burns?
volume = SA% x weight x 4ml
what happens to the leg in a hip fracture?
leg is shortened and externaly rotated
what is the coagulation study in warfarin?
prolonged PTT
normal APTT
what are the causes of acute prostatitis?
e.coli, chamydia, gonorrhoea
bone profile study in osteogeneis imperfecta
all normal
What is osteogenesis imperfecta?
congenital defect of bone formation resulting in weak bone

Most commonly due to AD defect in collagen type 1 synthesis
visual changes associated with digoxin and viagra?
digoxin yellow-green vision
viagra - blue vision
What is percocious puberty?
Development of secondary sexual characteristics before 8 in female and before 9 in male
What are the two types of precocious puberty?
1. gonadatropin dependent
- increased FSH and LH
- preamture hypothalmic-pituitary-gonadal axis activation
2. gonadatropin independent
- decreased FSH and LH
- XS sex hormone
what is the most common cause of otitis media?
haemophilus influenzae
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