Biology Chapter 4 Study Guide (Part 2)

_________ is the sum of an organisms life processes.
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_________ is the sum of an organisms life processes.
metabolism
Metabolism is the ___ of an organisms life processes.
sum
Metabolism is the sum of an organisms ____ ________.
life processes
A _______ is a twisted and looped polypeptide chain of amino acids.
protein
A protein is a _______ and______polypeptide chain of amino acids.
twisted, looped
A protein is a twisted and looped _______ ______of amino acids.
polypeptide chain
A protein is a twisted and looped polypeptide chain of ______ ____.
amino acids
DNA is made of ________s.
nucleotides
____ is made of nucleotides
DNA
___ is made of four bases
DNA
DNA is made of ____ basesfourDNA is made of four _____basesWhat are the 4 bases for DNA coding?Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, CytosineIn ____ base pairing, thymine becomes uracil.RNAIn RNA base pairing, ______ becomes ______thymine, uracilWhat are the base pairing rules for DNA?A-T, C-GA-T and C-G are pairing rules for ____DNAA-U and C-G are pairing rules forRNAWhat are the base pairing rules for RNA?A-U, C-GWhat does the "u" stand for in RNA base pairing?uracilA _______ of 3 bases determine the sequence of 20 different amino acids.sequenceA sequence of ____ bases determine the sequence of 20 different amino acids.3A sequence of 3 ______ determine the sequence of 20 different amino acids.basesA sequence of 3 bases determine the _______ of 20 different amino acids.sequenceA sequence of 3 bases determine the sequence of _____ different amino acids.20A sequence of 3 bases determine the sequence of 20 different ______ _____.amino acidsA _____ is a triplet of bases (on mRNA)codonA codon is a _____ of bases (on mRNA)tripletA codon is a triplet of ____ (on mRNA)basesA codon is a triplet of bases (on _____)mRNA_______is the process of DNA placing its code into RNA.transcriptionTranscription is the process of ___ placing its code into ___DNA, RNATranscription is the process of DNA placing its ____ into RNAcode_______ (___) is what is produced by transcriptionmessenger RNA (mRNA)Messenger RNA (mRNA) is what is produced by _______transcription________ ___ carries the code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.messenger RNAMessenger RNA carries the ___ from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.codeMessenger RNA carries the code from the ____ in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.DNAMessenger RNA carries the code from the DNA in the ______ to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.nucleusMessenger RNA carries the code from the DNA in the nucleus to the _______ in the cytoplasm.ribosomesMessenger RNA carries the code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the ________.cytoplasmmRNA and tRNA are completely ________differentTranscription=transcribetranscribe=transcription____ can't leave the nucleus.DNADNA can't leave the ______nucleusDNA can't ____ the nucleusleaveThe ____ has instructions for making proteins.codeThe code has ________ for making proteins.instructionsThe code has instructions for making _________proteins_______ are made in the cytoplasm, not the nucleus.proteinsProteins are made in the ______, not the _______.cytoplasm, nucleus____ ____ are found in the cytoplasm of the cell.amino acidsAmino acids are found in the ______ of the cell.cytoplasm_____ _____ are attached to transfer RNA.amino acidsAmino acids are attached to _______ ____transfer RNAAmino acids are ________ to transfer RNAattached______ has also attached an anticodontransfer RNATransfer RNA has also attached an _________anticodonThe ________ is a triplet of bases carried on the tRNAanticodonThe anticodon is a ______ of bases carried on the tRNAtripletThe anticodon is a triplet of _____ carried on the tRNAbasesThe anticodon is a triplet of bases carried on the _____transfer RNA______ are the ones that pair up with the codon bases on the mRNA.anticodonsAnticodons are the ones that _______ with the codon bases on the mRNApairAnticodons are the ones that pair with the _____ bases on the mRNAcodonAnticodons are the ones that pair with the codon bases on the _____messenger RNARNA can have thousands of ____codons____ can have thousands of codonsRNARNA can have ______ of codonsthousandsCodon=messenger RNAanticodon=transfer RNA______ is the movement of something from one place to another.transfer_______ is the process by which DNA makes more of itselfreplication____ and _____ can't communicate, so the ribosome is like a translator.mRNA, tRNAmRNA and tRNA can't _______, so the ribosome is like a translator.communicatemRNA and tRNA can't communicate, so the _______is like a translator.ribosomemRNA and tRNA can't communicate, so the ribosome is like a _______translatortRNA is like a ____bus_____ is like a bustRNAExplanation only: tRNA is like a bus; once it drops off amino acids, it goes and picks up more. The anticodon is like the scroll bar on top of the bus tells where the bus is going. Amino acids are like the passengers; they will be dropped off. Amino acids are bonding to make a polypeptide chain/protein....The actual process of assembling the polypeptide (protein) from coded information is called _______.translationThe actual process of ________ the polypeptide (protein) from coded information is called translation.assemblingThe actual process of assembling the________(_____) from coded information is called translation.polypeptide, proteinThe actual process of assembling the polypeptide (protein) from _____ ________is called translation.coded information1 codon codes for 1 specific _____ ____amino acid1 ____ codes for 1 specific amino acidcodon____ codon codes for __ _____ amino acidone, one specificmRNA leaves the nucleus with the code from the DNA, and ________ (___) lines up with it at the start codon.ribosomal RNA (rRNA)____ leaves the nucleus with the code from the DNAmRNAmRNA leaves the _____ with the code from the DNAnucleusmRNA leaves the nucleus with the ____ from the DNAcodemRNA leaves the nucleus with the code from the ____DNA_______ lines up with ______ at the start codonmessenger RNA, ribosomal RNAmessenger RNA lines up with ribosomal RNA at the ____ _____start codon________ will continue until the ribosome reaches a stop codetranslationTranslation will continue until the _____ reaches a stop coderibosomeTranslation will continue until the ribosome reaches a ____ _____stop code____ is a section of DNA that codes for a proteingeneGene is a _____ of DNA that codes for a proteinsectionGene is a section of ___ that codes for a proteinDNAGene is a section of DNA that ____ for a proteincodesGene is a section of DNA that codes for a _____protein_____ _____happen when the nucleotide sequence is changed by even one nucleotide.point mutationsPoint mutations happen when the _____ ______is changed by even one nucleotide.nucleotide sequencePoint mutations happen when the nucleotide sequence is______ by even one nucleotide.changedPoint mutations happen when the nucleotide sequence is changed by even ___ ________one nucleotide________ is when a nucleotide sequence is removed and replaced with a different one or if nucleotides are inverted.substitionnucleotide=basebase=nucleotideSubstitution is when a ______ _______is removed and replaced with a different one or if nucleotides are inverted.nucleotide sequenceSubstitution is when a nucleotide sequence is_______ and ______ with a different one or if nucleotides are inverted.removed, replacedSubstitution is when a nucleotide sequence is removed and replaced with a ________ ____or if nucleotides are inverted.different oneSubstitution is when a nucleotide sequence is removed and replaced with a different one or if _______ are inverted.nucleotidesSubstitution is when a nucleotide sequence is removed and replaced with a different one or if nucleotides are _______inverted_______ is if an extra nucleotide is put in which shifts all the nucleotides down by one codon, which is called frame shift.additionAddition is if an ____ ______is put in which shifts all the nucleotides down by one codon, which is called frame shift.extra nucleotideAddition is if an extra nucleotide is ____ ___which shifts all the nucleotides down by one codon, which is called frame shift.put inAddition is if an extra nucleotide is put in which _____ all the nucleotides down by one codon, which is called frame shift.shiftsAddition is if an extra nucleotide is put in which shifts all the _____ down by one codon, which is called frame shift.nucleotidesAddition is if an extra nucleotide is put in which shifts all the nucleotides ____by one codon, which is called frame shift.downAddition is if an extra nucleotide is put in which shifts all the nucleotides down by ___ _____, which is called frame shift.one codonAddition is if an extra nucleotide is put in which shifts all the nucleotides down by one codon, which is called _____ _____frame shift_____ is the removal of a nucleotide, again causing a frame shift.deletionDeletion is the ______ of a nucleotide, again causing a frame shift.removalDeletion is the removal of a _______, again causing a frame shift.nucleotideDeletion is the removal of a nucleotide, again causing a _____ _____frame shiftOnly _____(_____) can go into the chartmRNA, codonsOnly mRNA (codons) can go into the _____chartNot all organisms have the same ______ _____metabolic rate_____ is a process that builds molecules and stores energyanabolismAnabolism is a process that _____ molecules and ______ energybuilds, storesAnabolism is a process that builds _______ and stores _______molecules, energy_______ Is a process that breaks down molecules and releases energy.catabolismCatabolism Is a process that _____ ____molecules and ______energy.breaks down, releasesCatabolism Is a process that breaks down ______ and releases _____.molecules, energyDuring which processes are all three types of RNA involved? a. protein synthesis b. cell division c. photosynthesis d. cellular respirationa. protein synthesisWhat delivers the amino acids to the ribosome? a. mRNA b. tRNA c. DNA d. rRNAa. mRNAEach codon codes for a(n) a. protein b. amino acid c. carbohydrate d. lipidb. amino acidThe DNA code is carried from the nucleus by a. tRNA b. templates c. anticodons d. mRNAd. mRNAMetabolism is a. all the cell's processes b. making RNA c. making DNA d. making enzymesa. all the cell's processesWhat tRNA would join with the codon UUA?AAUWhat mRNA would join with the anticodon UGG?AGCHow many bases of mRNA are responsible for coding for one amino acid?threee